Simultaneous determination of galantamine, rivastigmine and NAP 226‐90 in plasma by MEKC and its application in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

A simple and sensitive MEKC with UV detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including galantamine, rivastigmine and major metabolite NAP 226-90 in plasma. A sample pretreatment by liquid-liquid extraction with diethylether and subsequent quantification by MEKC was used. The optimum separation for these analytes was achieved in <10 min at 25 degrees C with a fused-silica capillary column of 30.2 cm x 50 microm id (effective length 20 cm) and a run buffer containing 25 mM Tris buffer (pH 5.0) with 160 mM sodium octanesulfonate, 20% ACN and 0.01% PVP as a dynamic coating to reduce analytes' interaction with the capillary wall. For sensitivity consideration regarding the determination of linearity, LOD, quantitation and monitoring drugs concentration in patients, the detection wavelengths for galantamine or rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 were set at 214 or 200 nm, respectively. One male volunteer (26-year-old) was orally administered a single dose of 4.5 mg rivastigmine (Exelon, Novartis) in capsule, and blood samples were drawn over a 12 h period for concentration-time profile study. The method was also successfully applied for monitoring galantamine or rivastigmine and its metabolite NAP 226-90 in 11 Alzheimer's disease patients' plasma after oral administration of the commercial products Reminyl (8 mg galantamine/capsule) or Exelon (3 mg rivastigmine/capsule), respectively.

Analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: bioanalysis, degradation and metabolism

“…Hsieh et al . developed a method for the simultaneous determination of 4 , NAP 226‐90 and 5 in human plasma (Hsieh et al ., 2009). The method is based on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), first introduced by Terabe (Terabe, 2008).…”

Optimization of chromatography to overcome matrix effect for reliable estimation of four small molecular drugs from biological fluids using LC–MS/MS

“…GEM has been determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) (Panahi, Feizbakhsh, Karimpour, & Moniri, ; Su et al, ; Vittal et al, ), fluorescence (González‐Peñas et al, ; Kang, Wang, Xie, & Li, ; Kim et al, ) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection (Borges et al, ; Rower, Bushman, Hammond, Kadam, & Aquilante, ). For RIV, several analytical techniques such as voltammetry (Arvand & Fallahi, ), capillary electrophoresis (Nicolaou & Kapnissi‐Christodoulou, ), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (Hsieh, Yang, Yeh, Lin, & Chen, ), HPLC–UV (Amini & Ahmadiani, ; Mirparizi, Rajabi, & Asghari, ) and LC–MS/MS (Bhatt et al, ; Frankfort et al, ; Pommier & Frigola, ; Trivedi, Upadhyay, Yadav, Shrivastav, & Sanyal, ) have been used for its estimation in human plasma. Methods for the analysis of TEL in human plasma include HPLC–fluorescence (Zhang et al, ), LC–MS/MS (Chen et al, ; Ferreirós, Dresen, Alonso, & Weinmann, ; Gupta, Jain, Lukram, Agarwal, & Dwivedi, ; Hempen, Gläsle‐Schwarz, Kunz, & Karst, ; Li et al, ; Ravi, Inamadugu, Pilli, Sreenivasulu, & Ponneri, ; Yan et al, ; Zhang et al, ) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) (De Nicolò et al, ; Zargar & Wani, ).…”

“…GEM has been determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) (Panahi, Feizbakhsh, Karimpour, & Moniri, 2013;Su et al, 2010;Vittal et al, 2006), fluorescence (González-Peñas et al, 2001;Kang, Wang, Xie, & Li, 2009;Kim et al, 2006) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection (Borges et al, 2005;Rower, Bushman, Hammond, Kadam, & Aquilante, 2010). For RIV, several analytical techniques such as voltammetry (Arvand & Fallahi, 2013), capillary electrophoresis (Nicolaou & Kapnissi-Christodoulou, 2012), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (Hsieh, Yang, Yeh, Lin, & Chen, 2009), HPLC-UV (Amini & Ahmadiani, 2010;Mirparizi, Rajabi, & Asghari, 2018) and LC-MS/MS (Bhatt et al, 2007;Frankfort et al, 2006;Pommier & Frigola, 2003;Trivedi, Upadhyay, Yadav, Shrivastav, & Sanyal, 2014) have been used for its estimation in human plasma.…”

Determination of galanthamine in Bulbus Lycoridis Radiatae by coupling capillary electrophoresis with end‐column electrochemiluminescence detection

“…Determinations of GAL in pharmaceutical products, biological fluids and tissue samples have been reported with the aid of various techniques (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance [1], HPLC [3,4] and LC [2,5,6], gas chromatography and CE [7,8], capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [9], CE-mass spectrometry [10], MEKC-UV [11], flow injection [12], and radioimmunoassay [13]). The combination of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and CE offers many advantages such as high selectivity, good efficiency, fast analysis speed, and easy operation [14][15][16][17].…”