Hauttests zur Diagnostik von allergischen Soforttypreaktionen

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergies in Germany – prevalence and perception by the public

Augustin

Franzke

Beikert

et al. 2013

“…The 2009 S2 guidelines recommend prick testing as the gold standard for the detection of immediate‐type sensitizations; initially, standardized extracts are to be used . If such extracts are not available, tests may be performed with other substances as well (for example, native allergens).…”

Section: Diagnostic Workupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergy – current insights into prevention and diagnostic workup of immediate‐type allergy and treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Stöcker¹,

Grundmann²

2015

SummaryIn recent decades, the incidence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased, by now affecting a large percentage of the population. For a long time, allergen avoidance was considered the most crucial measure in primary allergy prevention. However, studies have increasingly shown that exposure to allergens is an essential prerequisite for the development of immunological tolerance. Diagnostic workup is based on patient history, skin tests, and measurement of specific IgE antibodies. The introduction of component-based diagnostic workup offer an option to differentiate between primary sensitization and cross-reactivity caused by sensitization to panallergens or sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes. Symptomatic treatment only leads to temporary relief of allergic symptoms. By contrast, specific immunotherapy (SIT) may have long-lasting therapeutic effects and potentially even result in a complete cure. The selection of allergens for SIT is guided by the principle of major allergens. It is recommended to use those preparations that have been proven safe and effective in controlled clinical studies. With respect to subcutaneous immunotherapy, a host of tested and approved extracts are available for a wide range of different allergens. Large clinical trials have also confirmed the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with grass and also birch pollen extracts, which has led to the official approval of some preparations containing these allergens.

“…In der S2‐Leitlinie aus dem Jahr 2009 wird der Pricktest zum Nachweis einer Soforttypsensibilisierung als Test der Wahl empfohlen; zunächst sollen standardisierte Extrakte verwendet werden . Stehen solche Extrakte nicht zur Verfügung, können Tests auch mit anderen Substanzen (beispielsweise nativen Allergenen) durchgeführt werden.…”

Section: Diagnostikunclassified

“…Als Kontraindikationen für den Hauttest werden genannt (nach ): ▸Hautkrankheiten im Testfeld, ▸deutlich beeinträchtigter Allgemeinzustand, ▸instabiles oder therapeutisch nicht adäquat eingestelltes Asthma bronchiale, ▸Tests, die mit erhöhtem Risiko einer systemischen Reaktion behaftet sind, ▸Schwangerschaft.…”

Section: Diagnostikunclassified

“…Von einem erhöhten Risiko für anaphylaktische Reaktionen bei einem Hauttest ist auszugehen bei (nach ): ▸sehr schwerer anaphylaktischer Reaktion in der Anamnese, ▸bedeutsamen Beschwerden zum Testzeitpunkt, vor allem Asthma bronchiale, ▸Allergenkontakt kurz vor dem Test, ▸Tests mit nativen Allergenen, ▸Tests mit hochkonzentrierten Allergenen, ▸Intrakutantests, ▸Behandlung mit Betablockern.…”

Section: Diagnostikunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Allergologie – Aktuelles zur Prävention und Diagnostik von Soforttyp‐Allergien und zur Therapie der allergischen Rhinokonjunktivitis

Stöcker

Grundmann

2015

In recent decades, the incidence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased, by now affecting a large percentage of the population. For a long time, allergen avoidance was considered the most crucial measure in primary allergy prevention. However, studies have increasingly shown that exposure to allergens is an essential prerequisite for the development of immunological tolerance. Diagnostic workup is based on patient history, skin tests, and measurement of specific IgE antibodies. The introduction of component-based diagnostic workup offer an option to differentiate between primary sensitization and cross-reactivity caused by sensitization to panallergens or sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes. Symptomatic treatment only leads to temporary relief of allergic symptoms. By contrast, specific immunotherapy (SIT) may have long-lasting therapeutic effects and potentially even result in a complete cure. The selection of allergens for SIT is guided by the principle of major allergens. It is recommended to use those preparations that have been proven safe and effective in controlled clinical studies. With respect to subcutaneous immunotherapy, a host of tested and approved extracts are available for a wide range of different allergens. Large clinical trials have also confirmed the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with grass and also birch pollen extracts, which has led to the official approval of some preparations containing these allergens.