Haustorium–endosperm relationships and the integration between developmental pathways during reserve mobilization in Butia capitata (Arecaceae) seeds

Dias, Daniel Lucas Santos; Ribeiro, Leonardo Monteiro; Lopes, Paulo Sérgio Nascimento; Melo, Geraldo Aclécio; Müller, Maren; Munné‐Bosch, Sergi

doi:10.1093/aob/mcy065

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…During the seedling development of A. aculeata, there is a temporary storage of starch in the haustorium concomitant with lipid degradation, a process that has also been identified through biochemical (Bicalho et al 2016) and histochemical (Mazzottini-dos-Santos et al 2017) evaluations. Similar data were obtained for P. dactylifera (DeMason 1985), W. filifera (DeMason 1988) and B. capitata (Oliveira et al 2013;Dias et al 2018). The presence of glyoxysomes in the haustorium, which have been widely reported here, is related to the accumulation of carbohydrates from lipid degradation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural aspects of metabolic pathways and translocation routes during mobilization of seed reserves in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Mazzottini-dos-Santos

Ribeiro

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Bot

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Seeds of several palms are reserve-rich, and have a complex and poorly understood mobilization. The massive endosperm and embryo of Acrocomia aculeata Lodd. ex Mart. possess large amounts of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. We evaluated cell features related to reserve mobilization during germination and initial development of seedlings of A. aculeata. Samples of the haustorium (the cotyledonary blade) at different developmental stages and of the entire digestion zone of the endosperm were processed by standard methods for ultrastructural evaluation. The haustorium reserve mobilization begins when germination starts, and proteins are the first to be metabolized, followed by polysaccharides and lipids. Haustorial cells present lipid bodies associated with glyoxysomes and protein vacuoles, which are involved in lipid mobilization. The digestion zone of the endosperm comprises cell layers adjacent to the haustorium, in which reserve mobilization begins after the protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole. The endosperm reserve mobilization is similar to observed in the haustorium, firstly proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids in the end. The abundant carbohydrates in the cell walls of endosperm are hydrolyzed, and the cells lose integrity, while digestion products accumulate around the haustorium. The sinuosities observed in the plasma membrane and the organelles predominating in the epidermal cells of the haustorium are consistent with absorption and transitory storage of reserves, and there is no evidence of the secretion of enzymes that can act in the mobilization of endosperm reserves. Therefore, the endosperm has a storage and self-degradation function, and the products of hydrolysis are transported towards the haustorium via the apoplastic route.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ultrastructural aspects of metabolic pathways and translocation routes during mobilization of seed reserves in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Mazzottini-dos-Santos

Ribeiro

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Bot

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“…Like TAG synthesis in kernel [ 34 ], the degradation of fatty acid CoA esters in haustorium is specific to medium chain fatty acids (C 10 -C 12 ), longer chain fatty acids being much less efficiently (three to four times less) degraded [ 6 ]. Sugars generated by lipid remobilization and gluconeogenesis (in addition to galactomannanes hydrolysis, see above) are transiently converted to starch at stage III in the haustorium of Butia , macaw, coconut and oil palms [ 9 , 11 , 35 , 36 ]. Still, sucrose is the major product synthesized by the haustorium and exported to the developing seedling.…”

Section: Lipid Remobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this stage, it is important to remember that one H 2 O 2 molecule is produced for each acetyl-CoA generated by β-oxidation, meaning that ROS production by β-oxidation is substantial. An increase in H 2 O 2 concentration has indeed been found in endosperm and haustorium of germinating Butia palm seeds [ 35 ] and, after imbibition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities increase, followed by catalase, thereby down-regulating oxidative stress [ 43 ]. Mitochondria are also a likely source of ROS in the first steps of germination.…”

Section: Ros Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, α-tocopherol is probably an important actor to down-regulate lipid peroxidation at the very first steps of palm seed germination, just after imbibition. In fact, across different palm species, just after imbibition, there is a peak in H 2 O 2 that seems to coincide with that in JA and α-tocopherol content [ 35 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Ros Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed Germination in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A Review of Metabolic Pathways and Control Mechanisms

Cui

Lamade

Tcherkez

2020

IJMS

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Oil palm is an oil-producing crop of major importance at the global scale. Oil palm mesocarp lipids are used for myriads industrial applications, and market demand has been growing for decades. In addition, oil palm seeds are oleaginous, and the oil extracted therefrom can be used for several purposes, from food to cosmetics. As such, there is a huge need in oil palm seeds to maintain the global cohort of more than 2 billion trees. However, oil palm seed germination is a rather difficult process, not only to break dormancy, but also because it is long and often reaches lower-than-expected germination rates. Surprisingly, despite the crucial importance of germination for oil palm plantation management, our knowledge is still rather limited, in particular about germinating oil palm seed metabolism. The present review incorporates different pieces of information that have been obtained in the past few years, in oil palm and in other palm species, in order to provide an overview of germination metabolism and its control. Further insights can also be gained from other oleaginous model plants, such as Arabidopsis or canola, however, palm seeds have peculiarities that must be accounted for, to gain a better understanding of germinating seed metabolism.

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“…The reason for dormancy is shown in yellow. E, embryo; End/Cot, endosperm/cotyledon; SC, seed coat (Souza Dias et al 2018), or mesocarp, i.e., pulp, e.g., Syagrus coronata Becc. (Medeiros et al 2015).…”

Section: Physicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining correct dormancy class matters: morphological and morphophysiological dormancy in Arecaceae

Jaganathan

2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Dormancy in Arecaceae diaspores is due to underdeveloped embryos, therefore, morphological dormancy or morphophysiological dormancy. Consequently, claims such as external seed structures inhibit germination, embryos are fully developed at maturity, and underdeveloped embryo is not a form of dormancy are rejected, because embryo size of the diaspore at the time of dispersal was not taken into consideration. The re-classification proposal for moving morphological dormancy into non-dormancy is also discouraged. This is owing to the fact that when both morphological dormancy and non-dormant seeds are placed under conditions suitable for germination, those with morphological dormancy do not germinate immediately due to time needed for growth of the embryo, whereas non-dormant seeds can germinate quickly. The implications of correctly defining dormancy class are important, for researchers working with seeds at various levels from forestry to molecular biology.

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Haustorium–endosperm relationships and the integration between developmental pathways during reserve mobilization in Butia capitata (Arecaceae) seeds

Abstract: The haustorium-endosperm relationship during reserve mobilization plays a pivotal role in signal integration between growth and degradation pathways in germinating seeds of Butia capitata.

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Ultrastructural aspects of metabolic pathways and translocation routes during mobilization of seed reserves in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Ultrastructural aspects of metabolic pathways and translocation routes during mobilization of seed reserves in Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae)

Seed Germination in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A Review of Metabolic Pathways and Control Mechanisms

Defining correct dormancy class matters: morphological and morphophysiological dormancy in Arecaceae

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