Hate Speech: The Phenomenon of Offensive Language

Abstract

A characteristic inherent in a democratic State is a guarantee of freedom of opinion
 and expression by every citizen. However, the space for freedom cannot be misused
 to express various ideas or views so that it becomes a tool to attack human rights and
 the freedom of others manifested in the form of hate speech. Acts of hate speech
 are currently getting more and more attention from various circles, not only for law
 enforcers and practitioners, politicians, information and communication technology
 experts. But it is also a very serious concern for the Indonesian government to form
 and give birth to regulations concerning to handling of hate speech. Moreover, caring
 for diversity and harmonization in diversity in the era of globalization of information
 technology is the biggest challenge today. In this study, phenomenology is used as
 research design whereas purposive sampling from online media is used to collect
 the data. The aim is to maintain unity in the midst of a multicultural community life
 such as Batu Bara. On the other hand, the emergence of discussions about hate
 speech actually gave the object of a new study for linguistics. Based on the linguistic
 perspective, hate speech is a phenomenon of offensive language that can present
 linguistic data and can be analyzed linguistically. Therefore, this article conceptually
 describes the role of linguistics and linguists in understanding and explaining the
 subject of hate speech.

An Analysis of Hate Speech in Lucas's Instagram Post: Pragmatics Study

“…In addition, language is used to communicate, and language also has many social and cultural functions. Language can also be a reflection of the personality of a nation (Rangkuti et al, 2019). Effendi (1995:15) states that everyday experience shows that the spoken variety is greater than the written variety.…”

An Analysis of Hate Speech Delivery by YouTube Users on Clara Dao’s Shorts Video Content: Impoliteness Theory

“…Hate speech is only in the form of text but can also be in the form of images such as making memes that someone has and in the form of videos of offensive speech that invites someone to hate and berate the intended person or group. According to [3] In popular parlance, the definition of hate speech is expanding to cover not only cyberbullying, racism, or phobia of certain groups, but also comments that degrade or mock the government or individuals. Hate speech also applicable any act of interaction that involves provoking, inciting, or insulting stranger based on one or more factors, such as race, skin color, ethnicity, gender, handicap, sexual orientation, citizenship, or religion [4].…”

The Ideology of Tolerance in King Abdullah’s Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis Study

“…The religious values adopted by the Jordanian political system as demonstrated in political discourses have greatly influenced Jordanians' opinions on terrorism and extremism (Ebniya 2020). Despite the numerous studies analysing hate speeches (Rangkuti and Lubis 2019;Paz, Montero-Díaz, and Moreno-Delgado 2020;Obiora Aboh, and Dioka 2021), some studies have tackled the concept of tolerance. As such, this study adds to the existing literature through analysing three recent speeches of King Abdullah on spreading the notion of tolerance.…”