Harnessing Wharton’s jelly stem cell differentiation into bone-like nodule on calcium phosphate substrate without osteoinductive factors

Abstract

Designing materials to direct stem cell fate has a relevant impact on stem cell biology and provides insights facilitating their clinical application in regenerative medicine. Inspired by natural bone compositions, a friendly automated spray-assisted system was used to build calcium phosphate substrate (CaP). Sprayed biomimetic solutions using mild conditions led to the formation of CaP with controlled physical properties, good bioactivity and biocompatibility. Herein, we show that via optimization of physical properties, CaP substrate induce osteogenic differentiation of Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-SCs) without adding osteogenic supplement factors. These results suggest a great potential of sprayed CaP and WJ-SCs in bone tissue engineering and may facilitate the transition from bench to beside and the development of clinically successful engineered bone.

Combining Calcium Phosphates with Polysaccharides: A Bone-Inspired Material Modulating Monocyte/Macrophage Early Inflammatory Response

“…We previously showed that CaP-CHI-HA and CaP are cytocompatible substrates regarding human mesenchymal stem cells [ 8 , 9 ]. When it comes to THP-1, they are considered more sensitive [ 16 ]; therefore, the cytocompatibility of CaP-CHI-HA was firstly monitored by WST-1 proliferation assay and DNA quantification.…”

“…Several natural polymers including polysaccharides (i.e., pectin, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid derivatives) and proteins (i.e., collagen) have been therefore developed as a base material for polymeric composite scaffolds [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Using a new and straightforward method based on simultaneous spray coating of interacting species process, we successfully designed at mild conditions, a bioactive inorganic/organic substrate made of CaP, chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Positively charged CHI forms complexes with negatively charged HA, a natural glycosaminoglycan that interacts with cell surface receptors including CD44.…”

Osteogenic Induction of Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review

“…However, those have been reported to have some cytotoxic effects [ 87 ]. Calcium phosphate is another major constituent in bone that has been widely studied as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering [ 88 ]. A study by Karadas et al [ 74 ] produced an in situ mineralized collagen scaffold whereby, after crosslinking with genipin, the scaffold was immersed in a calcium and phosphate solution.…”

Bioinspired Nanofeatured Substrates: Suitable Environment for Bone Regeneration

“…CaP coating, obtained in the same conditions as published elsewhere (i.e. 50 simultaneous spray cycles for 2 s), 10 was used as control. Macroscopic views of CaP-CHI-HA and CaP substrates showed a whitish deposition on the top of the coverslip glass ( Figure 1A).…”

“…We recently demonstrated that spraying saturated calcium and phosphate solutions (50 spray cycles) led to the formation of bioactive calcium phosphate substrates with controlled nanoroughness, inducing the formation of bone-like nodule after 4 weeks of stem cell culture without any osteogenic supplements. 10 Inclusion of biopolymers such as CHI and HA to CaP using the SSCIS process is thought to provide a suitable environment for bone regeneration along with prevention of implant infections. In the following, detailed physicochemical, mechanical, and bioactive insights into calcium phosphate supplemented with chitosan and hyaluronic acid polymers (CaP-CHI-HA) were provided before testing its intrinsic biological features.…”