Bioinspired Nanofeatured Substrates: Suitable Environment for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone mimicking coatings provide a complex microenvironment in which material, through its inherent properties (such as nanostructure and composition), affects the commitment of stem cells into bone lineage and the production of bone tissue regulating factors required for bone healing and regeneration. Herein, a bioactive mineral/biopolymer composite made of calcium phosphate/chitosan and hyaluronic acid (CaP-CHI-HA) was elaborated using a versatile simultaneous spray coating of interacting species. The resulting CaP-CHI-HA coating was mainly constituted of bioactive, carbonated and crystalline hydroxyapatite with 277 ± 98 nm of roughness, 1 μm of thickness, and 2.3 ± 1 GPa of stiffness. After five days of culture, CaP-CHI-HA suggested a synergistic effect of intrinsic biophysical features and biopolymers on stem cell mechanobiology and nuclear organization, leading to the expression of an early osteoblast-like phenotype and the production of bone tissue regulating factors such as osteoprotegerin and vascular endothelial growth factor. More interestingly, amalgamation with biopolymers conferred to the mineral a bacterial antiadhesive property. These significant data shed light on the potential regenerative application of CaP-CHI-HA bioinspired coating in providing a suitable environment for stem cell bone regeneration and an ideal strategy to prevent implant-associated infections.

Combining Calcium Phosphates with Polysaccharides: A Bone-Inspired Material Modulating Monocyte/Macrophage Early Inflammatory Response

“…We previously showed that CaP-CHI-HA and CaP are cytocompatible substrates regarding human mesenchymal stem cells [ 8 , 9 ]. When it comes to THP-1, they are considered more sensitive [ 16 ]; therefore, the cytocompatibility of CaP-CHI-HA was firstly monitored by WST-1 proliferation assay and DNA quantification.…”

“…Several natural polymers including polysaccharides (i.e., pectin, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid derivatives) and proteins (i.e., collagen) have been therefore developed as a base material for polymeric composite scaffolds [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Using a new and straightforward method based on simultaneous spray coating of interacting species process, we successfully designed at mild conditions, a bioactive inorganic/organic substrate made of CaP, chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Positively charged CHI forms complexes with negatively charged HA, a natural glycosaminoglycan that interacts with cell surface receptors including CD44.…”

“…Furthermore, CaP-CHI-HA offers interesting properties for bone regenerative medicine as it boosts the early stem cell differentiation into osteoblast-like lineage, maintains stem cell paracrine production of osteoprotegerin, and induces paracrine secretion of angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, required for bone vascularization. More interestingly, CaP-CHI-HA provides advantageous functionalities limiting the adhesion of implant-associated S. aureus , one of the most serious postoperative complications in orthopedic surgery [ 8 ].…”

Boosting mesenchymal stem cells regenerative activities on biopolymers-calcium phosphate functionalized collagen membrane

“…We recently demonstrated that biophysical features of bone mimetic-coated glass (i.e. roughness and stiffness around 270 nm and 2 GPa, respectively), through mechanobiological signalling, carry away dramatic changes on MSCs morphology with polygonal cells exhibiting perpendicularly oriented F-actin fibres gathering around the nuclei, signature of osteoblastic commitment [18]. In the present study, stained cytoskeleton showed a well elongated and flattened morphology where adhered MSCs displayed F-actin stress fibres parallel to the longitudinal cell axis whatever the studied condition (Fig.…”

“…Although they are bioactive and osteoconductive, calcium carbonates, in contrast to CaP bone substitutes, present a chemical composition far from bone apatite. We recently demonstrated that the biophysical features of CaP/ CHI/HA coated glass induce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) commitment into an osteoblastic lineage through mechanobiological signalling [18]. In the present work, we performed the same functionalization on clinically relevant materials, i.e.…”