“…NIR spectroscopy has been largely proposed for the investigation of milk with the aim of providing innovative and rapid methods for the detection of lactose, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acid contents (Jankovskà and Šustovà, 2003 ; Numthuam et al, 2017 ; Risoluti et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Soulat et al, 2020 ). In addition, NIR spectroscopy allows users moving out of the laboratory and performing prediction of analytes in complex matrices (Navarra et al, 2003 ; Bretti et al, 2013 ; Paiva et al, 2015 ; Basri et al, 2017 ; da Silva et al, 2017 ; Modrono et al, 2017 ; Risoluti and Materazzi, 2018 ; Risoluti et al, 2018a , b ) by means of portable instruments that directly analyze milk and provide the results (De Angelis Curtis et al, 2008 ; Bian et al, 2017 ; Ferreira de Lima et al, 2018 ). Despite these instruments permitting the transfer of validated methods directly on site, they do not provide a tool enabling consumers to rapidly check the product by itself for application to real situations.…”