Handcycling: training effects of a specific dose of upper body endurance training in females

Hettinga, Florentina J.; Hoogwerf, Mark; Woude, Lucas H V van der

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3395-x

Cited by 13 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The present study showed that a training dose of 7 weeks, 3 × 30 min per week of handcycling at an average of 55 %HRR, resulted in improvements in incremental handcycling performance on the parameters peakVO 2 and peakPO. The increase in peakPO is in line with the findings of Hettinga et al (2016), who reported an increase in peakPO after 7 weeks of 3 × 30 min continuous handcycling training at 65 %HRR in able-bodied women. The increase in peakVO 2 in the current study was lower than the reported increase in the study of Hettinga et al (2016) (+18.1% vs. 10.7 ± 12.9% respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The increase in peakPO is in line with the findings of Hettinga et al (2016), who reported an increase in peakPO after 7 weeks of 3 × 30 min continuous handcycling training at 65 %HRR in able-bodied women. The increase in peakVO 2 in the current study was lower than the reported increase in the study of Hettinga et al (2016) (+18.1% vs. 10.7 ± 12.9% respectively). This difference may be explained by the higher baseline values of the male participants (33.2 ± 4.5 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) in the current study compared to female participants (28.3 ± 5.1 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) in Hettinga et al (2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…During the 4 min work intervals, average training intensity was 85 %HRR (see Figure 2), based on a protocol previously used by Helgerud et al (2007) in untrained runners. Exercise intensity was achieved by adding or reducing the workload through the pulley system placed behind the treadmill (as described in Hettinga et al, 2016, see Figure 1), while riding at a fixed velocity of 1.67 m·s −1 . Workload was adjusted after every minute in the 4-min work intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This intensity was achieved by either “resistance” or “velocity” training, as is common in wheelchair (van der Woude et al, 1999) and handcycle training (Hettinga et al, 2016). Three different temporal patterns were used in a fixed sequence for each subject (see Figure 3), to vary the training stimulus systematically over time (van der Woude et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, limited research is available regarding upper body endurance training and the accompanying physiological adaptations. In previous studies, different MICT handcycling and armcranking protocols resulted in improved peak oxygen uptake (peakVO 2 ) and peak power output (peakPO) in disabled and/or spinal cord injured patients, in healthy elderly and in able-bodied men and women (Franklin, 1989; Pogliaghi et al, 2006; Valent et al, 2007; Hettinga et al, 2016). In lower body endurance training, HIIT was shown to be a time-efficient training method to induce both central and peripheral adaptations (Gibala et al, 2012), and is now considered more effective at improving the physiological and performance capacity of untrained individuals, recreationally active and trained athletes compared to MICT for a given training volume (Weston et al, 2014; Milanović et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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High Intensity Interval Training in Handcycling: The Effects of a 7 Week Training Intervention in Able-bodied Men

et al. 2016

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Introduction: In lower body endurance training, quantities of both moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) can lead to an improved physiological capacity and performance. Limited research is available regarding the endurance and muscular capacity of the upper body, and how training contributes to improvements in performance capacity is still unknown. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT and MICT on the physiological capacity and handcycling performance of able-bodied men in a well-controlled laboratory setting.Methods: Twenty four recreationally active men (22 ± 2 years; 1.84 ± 0.04 m; 79 ± 10 kg) were matched on incremental handcycling pre-test performance (peakPO) and then randomly assigned to HIIT, MICT, or a non-training control group (CON, 3 × n = 8). Participants in HIIT completed 14 interval training sessions, performing 4 × 4 min intervals at 85% heart rate reserve (%HRR), and seven continuous training sessions at 55 %HRR (every 2nd training session of the week). Participants in MICT performed 21 training sessions of 30 min at 55 %HRR. After the intervention, changes in peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) and peak power output (peakPO) were compared within and between HIIT, MICT and CON.Results: The average external training load per training session did not differ between MICT and HIIT (p = 0.713). Improvements after HIIT in peakVO2 (22.2 ± 8.1%) and peakPO (47.1 ± 20.7%) were significantly larger compared with MICT and CON (p < 0.001). Improvements after MICT in peakVO2 (10.7 ± 12.9%) and peakPO (32.2 ± 8.1%) were higher compared to CON (p < 0.001). Higher improvement after HIIT occurred despite training 22% less time than MICT. No significant changes were found in CON.Discussion: As in lower body endurance sports, HIIT proved to be very effective in improving the physiological and performance capacity of upper body exercise. Whilst physiological capacity in both training groups improved significantly compared with CON, the present study shows that peakVO2 and peakPO improved more after HIIT than after MICT in able-bodied men. It is advised to include HIIT into training regimes of recreational and competitive handcyclists to improve the upper body endurance capacity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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High Intensity Interval Training in Handcycling: The Effects of a 7 Week Training Intervention in Able-bodied Men

et al. 2016

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Moderate-intensity Arm-cranking Exercise may not Improve Arterial Function in Healthy Adult Men

2018

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Endurance exercises, such as cycling or running, are useful for improving arterial function. However, people suffering from partial paralysis or arthritis are unable to perform these kinds of lower-limb exercises. In the present study, we explored the acute effect of upper-arm exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Fourteen healthy adult men performed two experimental trials. The order of experiments was randomized between a 30-min arm-cranking exercise at 50% V̇O (A-trial) and a 30-min leg-cycling exercise at 50% V̇O (C-trial). The brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), brachial systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were obtained with subjects in the supine position. The baseline hemodynamic values were not markedly different between the two trials. Compared with the baseline value, the baPWV was significantly reduced at 30 and 60 min after the C-trial. In the A-trial, however, there were no significant changes in the baPWV throughout the trial. These results indicate that acute 50% V̇O arm-cranking exercise induced relatively little change in the baPWV, which was the opposite of the finding observed with leg-cycling exercise. Therefore, in order to improve arterial function via aerobic upper-arm exercises, the exercise mode/intensity or other approaches should be considered.

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Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males

et al. 2021

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The effect of an upper body resistance training program on maximal and submaximal handcycling performance in able-bodied males was explored. Eighteen able-bodied men were randomly assigned to a training group (TG: n=10) and a control group (CG: n=8). TG received 7 weeks of upper body resistance training (60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 3×10 repetitions, 6 exercise stations, 2 times per week). CG received no training. Peak values for oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), power output (POpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (V˙OEpeak) and respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), submaximal values (HR, V˙O2, RER, PO, and gross mechanical efficiency (GE)), and time to exhaustion (TTE) were determined in an incremental test pre- and post-training. Maximal isokinetic arm strength and 1RM tests were conducted. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc comparisons were performed to examine the effect of time, group and its interaction (p<0.05). TG improved on POpeak (8.55%), TTE (10.73%), and 1RM (12.28–38.98%). RPE at the same stage during pre- and post-test was lower during the post-test (8.17%). Despite no improvements in V˙O2peak, training improved POpeak, muscular strength, and TTE. Upper body resistance training has the potential to improve handcycling performance.

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Handcycling: training effects of a specific dose of upper body endurance training in females

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

High Intensity Interval Training in Handcycling: The Effects of a 7 Week Training Intervention in Able-bodied Men

High Intensity Interval Training in Handcycling: The Effects of a 7 Week Training Intervention in Able-bodied Men

Moderate-intensity Arm-cranking Exercise may not Improve Arterial Function in Healthy Adult Men

Effects of 7-week Resistance Training on Handcycle Performance in Able-bodied Males

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