Halitosis in obese patients and those undergoing bariatric surgery

Souza, Ana Carolina Dupim; Franco, Carolina Ferreira; Pataro, André L.; Guerra, Tadeu J.; Costa, Fernando de Oliveira; Costa, José Eustáquio da

doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.10.020

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The mean stimulated salivary flow found in this cluster was 0.7 mL/min, that is, some of the individuals presented low saliva flow rate. When it comes to obesity, the decrease in salivary flow can be caused by different mechanisms: the use of drugs for the treatment of comorbidities (hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and antidepressants) that can induce hyposalivation (53); other hypothesis is the fact that pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from adipocytes and macrophages accumulated in adipose tissue can negatively affect the function of the salivary glands due to mild chronic inflammation (54). In the present study, the commonly used drugs reported by the participants were antihypertensives, antidiabetic, antidepressants, and sedatives, and, according to Villa et al (52), these are the main drugs reported as causing xerostomia/hyposalivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health and Nutritional Characteristics of Adults With Morbid Obesity: A Multivariate Analysis

et al. 2020

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The relationship between oral health and nutritional aspects are complex, especially in individuals with chronic diseases and comorbidities, such as morbid obesity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify oral health and nutritional-related patterns in 113 individuals, aged 19–68 years (92 females), seeking treatment for morbid obesity. Sociodemographic variables and medical records were examined, in addition to the consumption of fruit, vegetables, candies, and processed foods. Measures of body mass index, neck, waist and hip, caries experience (DMFT index), Community Periodontal Index (CPI index), and salivary physicochemical aspects were gathered. Aspects of oral health-related quality of life and symptoms of dry mouth were evaluated by means of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Xerostomia Inventory-XI questionnaires. K-means cluster analysis and, subsequently, comparisons between clusters (one-way ANOVA) were performed (α = 5%). Three clusters were generated: Cluster 1 (labeled “Young”; n = 77) was characterized by younger participants with higher BMI, who reported the use of distractors while eating, the smallest number of meals/day, and who consumed sweetened drinks and processed food the day before. Cluster 2 (labeled “Diabetic individuals”; n = 12) was characterized by older participants with the highest proportion of diabetic participants (100% were diabetic; 73% insulin users), lower BMI, higher DMFT index and OHIP-14 and xerostomia scores, and who reported having consumed fruit and vegetables the day before. Finally, Cluster 3 (labeled “Poor periodontal health”; n = 24) was characterized by participants with the worse periodontal condition (higher CPI), and lower salivary flow, pH, and buffer capacity. Cluster 1 and 2 were the groups that showed higher demand for nutritional and dietetic counseling, because of the poor eating behavior and higher serum glucose levels, respectively. On the other hand, Cluster 2 and 3 showed the higher demand for oral rehabilitation and dental treatment because of the loss of teeth and worse periodontal condition, respectively, besides the need for dietetic counseling. This sample of individuals with morbid obesity showed very unique oral-health and nutritional characteristics and special needs patterns that should be identified to adjust or change unhealthy habits, thus improving the assistance of this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health and Nutritional Characteristics of Adults With Morbid Obesity: A Multivariate Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…Two articles suggest that people who are obese may have xerostomia either because they are taking appetite suppressants 32 , or because they have undergone bariatric surgery 33 .…”

Section: Xerostomiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of the implications of adult obesity in the delivery and acceptance of dental care

Marshall

Loescher²,

Marshman³

2016

Br Dent J

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“…Five patients with genuine halitosis, do not have any physical causes, but they have wrong lifestyle in eating, as they were eating rapidly and not chewing the bite adequately. [ 12 , 26 , 27 ], or it may be due to the controversial link of obesity as it to halitosis [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To know the effect of halitosis on the Qol of obese patients, these patients were compared to a two groups of patients marched in age and gender in normal weight patients having halitosis(group B) and marched to age, gender and BMI for obese patients having no halitosis (subgroup A2) as shown in Table 3 . The halitosis will affect most aspects of quality of life in normal weight patients [ 22 , 33 ,and35]], most aspects were affected in the normal weight patients ( Table 4 ), but the affect were more when the patients are obese and have halitosis ( Table 4 , Table 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the halitosis on QoL in overweight and obese patients: Based on six years of experience in two centers in sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan Region/Iraq, and case series study

Ahmed

Zmnako

Amin

et al. 2019

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Background/objectives The patients who are overweight and obese, are under stress of excess body weight, embarrassed, one may imagine the impact of halitosis on this group of patients, this is an attempt to evaluate this extra impact, and which aspect of quality of life will be affect in the overweight and obese. Subjects/methods A prospective case series study including 885 overweight or obese patients, they were consulting for advice, diet and or drugs and various bariatric operations. A group of normal weight patients with halitosis, matched in age group and gender were enrolled as a control group for comparison. Patients who have either oral causes of the condition or pseudo halitosis or halite-phobia or were using drugs like phenytoin, cyclosporine or calcium channel blockers, isosorbide di-nitrate, Chloral hydrate, Nitrites and Nitrates, Dimethyl sulphoxide, Disulphiram, cytotoxic agents, Phenothiazine were excluded. Interventions/methods The work conducted over a period of 6 years from February 1st, 2012 to March 1st, 2018. Prospective evaluation of the type and etiology of halitosis was done by using organoleptic measurement, which is not a slandered but evaluated by a group of academic colleagues. The patients were advised to avoid eating odiferous foods for 48 hours before the assessment and both the patient and the examiner should refrain from drinking coffee, tea or juice, smoking and using scented cosmetics before the assessment. Results Halitosis in the overweight and obese patients magnifies the negative aspects of quality of life: avoidance, narrow social circle (P Value = 0.3415, 95% confidence interval = 11.43924–29.67085), avoidance of sex by partner (P Value = 0.0143, 95% confidence interval = 04.11537–17.08480), low self-esteem (P Value = 0.0100, 95% confidence interval = 10.66794–28.44776), teasing by others and negative thoughts (P Value = 0.4013, 95% confidence interval = 11.43924–29.67085). While obesity was not a cause of avoidance of to be kissed by partner in obese patients, but was a direct cause for this avoidance in obese patients with halitosis (P Value = 0.0143, 95% confidence interval = 04.11537–17.08480). Halitosis in normal weight patients affects the quality of life remarkably but not to the extent of halitosis in overweight and obese patients, especially social life and self-esteem which will suffer most. Conclusions The quality of life of overweight and obese, especially emotional and social aspects was significantly disturbed by halitosis more than normal weight subjects with halitosis.

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Halitosis in obese patients and those undergoing bariatric surgery

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Oral Health and Nutritional Characteristics of Adults With Morbid Obesity: A Multivariate Analysis

Oral Health and Nutritional Characteristics of Adults With Morbid Obesity: A Multivariate Analysis

A scoping review of the implications of adult obesity in the delivery and acceptance of dental care

Impact of the halitosis on QoL in overweight and obese patients: Based on six years of experience in two centers in sulaimani governorate, Kurdistan Region/Iraq, and case series study

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