No abstract

No abstract

Background/objectives The patients who are overweight and obese, are under stress of excess body weight, embarrassed, one may imagine the impact of halitosis on this group of patients, this is an attempt to evaluate this extra impact, and which aspect of quality of life will be affect in the overweight and obese. Subjects/methods A prospective case series study including 885 overweight or obese patients, they were consulting for advice, diet and or drugs and various bariatric operations. A group of normal weight patients with halitosis, matched in age group and gender were enrolled as a control group for comparison. Patients who have either oral causes of the condition or pseudo halitosis or halite-phobia or were using drugs like phenytoin, cyclosporine or calcium channel blockers, isosorbide di-nitrate, Chloral hydrate, Nitrites and Nitrates, Dimethyl sulphoxide, Disulphiram, cytotoxic agents, Phenothiazine were excluded. Interventions/methods The work conducted over a period of 6 years from February 1st, 2012 to March 1st, 2018. Prospective evaluation of the type and etiology of halitosis was done by using organoleptic measurement, which is not a slandered but evaluated by a group of academic colleagues. The patients were advised to avoid eating odiferous foods for 48 hours before the assessment and both the patient and the examiner should refrain from drinking coffee, tea or juice, smoking and using scented cosmetics before the assessment. Results Halitosis in the overweight and obese patients magnifies the negative aspects of quality of life: avoidance, narrow social circle (P Value = 0.3415, 95% confidence interval = 11.43924–29.67085), avoidance of sex by partner (P Value = 0.0143, 95% confidence interval = 04.11537–17.08480), low self-esteem (P Value = 0.0100, 95% confidence interval = 10.66794–28.44776), teasing by others and negative thoughts (P Value = 0.4013, 95% confidence interval = 11.43924–29.67085). While obesity was not a cause of avoidance of to be kissed by partner in obese patients, but was a direct cause for this avoidance in obese patients with halitosis (P Value = 0.0143, 95% confidence interval = 04.11537–17.08480). Halitosis in normal weight patients affects the quality of life remarkably but not to the extent of halitosis in overweight and obese patients, especially social life and self-esteem which will suffer most. Conclusions The quality of life of overweight and obese, especially emotional and social aspects was significantly disturbed by halitosis more than normal weight subjects with halitosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine patient satisfaction in regard to nose appearance and function with the use of a validated questionnaire, before and after rhinoplasty surgery. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of all adult patients that underwent open rhinoplasty including other nasal procedures like septoplasty or turbinoplasty between September 2018 and August 2019 in both public and private hospital (Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital and Faruk Medical City).The Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was used to study the patients' view. Results: 100 patients participated in this study by completing the questionnaires and the follow-up period. The main reasons for rhinoplasty in our patients were: aesthetic 54% (n=54), functional 2 %( n=2), and a combination of both in 44% (n=44) patients The mean ROE score of all patients pre operation was 51.8 (males: 49.04, females 54.74.) and the mean score post operation was 75.22(males 75.64, females 74.81) at six months with no statistically significant gender differences p value=0.79 However, both genders showed a statistically significant improvement between the preoperative and postoperative scores (mean difference = 23.42, P<0.017).In the pre-operative stage, patients recorded worse score for anxious and insecure (p < 0.05). There were no difference for gender, age, cause or literacy level in the mean post-operative scores (p > 0.05). Conclusions: We found that patients who consider themselves anxious before surgery were less satisfied with the result of the procedure. Additionally Rhinoplasty surgery significantly improved patient quality of life regarding nose shape and function.

Objective: To find the knowledge of dental professionals and dental students of Sulaimani on scope and duties of maxillofacial surgeon.  Methods: A specific questionnaire designed and developed after several experts have been consulted for validation. The questionnaire involved five major duties of maxillofacial surgeon (trauma, pathology, aesthetic, temporomandibular joint problem and congenital disorder). After explanation, the questioners were answered by dental students in College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani and dentist (general dental practitioners and specialist). Two hundred questionnaires distributed among dentists and dental students (100 for each group). Every responder was questioned for 32 different type of maxillofacial problems, meanwhile he /or she asked to choose a relevant specialty he /or she is going to refer or to consult for that each specific question. Results: Generally maxillofacial surgery moderately addressed for trauma and aesthetic surgery conditions and highly addressed for pathological, pain management and congenital disorders by both groups. Majority of dental practitioners with different specialties in field of dentistry and dental students to some extend are acquainted with maxillofacial surgery and the related details of the field.  Conclusions: Maxillofacial surgery scope of work in the field of aesthetics and trauma surgery still not well recognized by the responders and even some where underestimated.  In the fields of pathology, pain management and congenital anomaly is well recognized and comparable to the results of other countries.