Halarchaeum solikamskense sp. nov., a thermotolerant neutrophilic haloarchaeon from the foamy products of flotation enrichment of potassium minerals

Saralov, A. I.; Baslerov, R. V.; Reutskikh, E. M.; Кузнецов, Б. Б.

doi:10.1134/s0026261712050141

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…salinum (isolated from commercial salt, Indonesia) [30], Hla. solikamskense (isolated from the foamy products of flotation enrichment of potassium minerals, Russia) [31] and Hla. nitratireducens (isolated from commercial salt, Japan) [32] are other members of this genus.…”

Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications. SYSTEMATICS OF HALOPHILIC ARCHAEAHalophilic micro-organisms are found in the three domains of life, and are extremophiles living in hypersaline environments in the presence of salt (generally NaCl) as a specific requisite for their growth [1]. Hypersaline environments contain higher salt concentrations than seawater (3.5 % total dissolved salts) [2]. According to the optimum NaCl concentration for growth, micro-organisms fall into one of the following categories: extreme halophiles with optimum growth at 15-30 % (2.5-5.2 M) NaCl; moderate halophiles with optimum growth at 3-15 % (0.5-2.5 M) NaCl; slight halophiles with optimum growth at 1-3 % (0.2-0.5 M) NaCl; non-halophiles with optimum growth at less than 1 % (0.2 M) NaCl; and halotolerant micro-organisms which are non-halophiles showing the ability to tolerate high NaCl concentrations [3]. Halophiles can live in hypersaline environments because they are able to sustain osmotic balance. They use two main strategies to withstand the adverse consequences of water loss when exposed to high salt concentrations. The first strategy used by extremely halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) and halophilic anaerobic bacteria such as members of Halanaerobiales is known as the 'salt-in-cytoplasm' strategy, during which salts such as NaCl or KCl accumulate in the cytoplasm at concentrations similar to the extracellular ones [4,5]. Another mechanism to cope with high salt concentrations is the accumulation of organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars and polyols, known as compatible solutes or osmolytes. Compatible solutes are small and highly soluble molecules that can...

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Section: Order Halobacterialesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

et al. 2017

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“…The G+C contents of the total DNA of strains MH2-243-1 T , MH2-93-1 and MH2-91-1 determined by the HPLC method of Tamaoka & Komagata (1984) were 68.5, 68.8 and 68.3 mol%, respectively. In contrast, DNA G+C contents of the type strains of species of the genera Halobacterium , Salarchaeum and Halarchaeum are slightly lower [54.5–66.4, 64, 59.3–66.4 mol%, respectively (Gutiérrez et al , 1989; Gruber et al , 2004; Yang et al , 2006; Shimane et al , 2011; Minegishi et al , 2010a, 2013; Yamauchi et al , 2013a, b; Saralov et al , 2012)]. These data again suggested the three strains represent a novel taxon.…”

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confidence: 94%

Halocalculus aciditolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., an acid-tolerant haloarchaeon isolated from commercial salt

Minegishi

Echigo

Kuwahara

et al. 2015

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Three halophilic archaeal strains, MH2-243-1 T , MH2-93-1 and MH2-91-1 were isolated from commercial salt samples from Japan, Australia, and Bolivia. Strain MH2-243-1 T was able to grow in the presence of 12-30 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 18 % NaCl), at pH 4.5-7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and at 20-60 6C (optimum, 40 6C). Strains MH2-91-1 and MH2-93-1 grew in slightly different ranges. The orthologous 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three strains were almost identical (99.8-99.9 % similarities), and the closest relative was Salarchaeum japonicum JCM 16327 T with 94.2-94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, followed by strains of members of the closely related genera Halobacterium and Halarchaeum. The RNA polymerase subunit B9 gene (rpoB9) sequence also showed the highest similarity (86.6 %) to that of Salarchaeum japonicum JCM 16327 T. The DNA G+C contents of strains MH2-243-1 T , MH2-93-1 and MH2-91-1 were 68.5, 68.8 and 68.3 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness values amongst the three strains were 97-99 %. The polar lipids of the three strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, and at least seven unidentified glycolipids. The polar lipid composition differed from those of Salarchaeum japonicum and species of the genera Halobacterium and Halarchaeum. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Halocalculus aciditolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is MH2-243-1 T (5JCM 19596 T 5KCTC 4149 T) isolated from solar salt produced in Japan. MH2-93-1 (5JCM 19595) and MH2-91-1 (5JCM 19594) are additional strains of the type species. Many haloarchaeal strains grow well in neutral to slightly alkaline media, and alkaliphilic haloarchaea have been isolated from various sources (Oren, 2012). In 2008, we showed the presence of moderately acidophilic haloarchaeal strains capable of growth in the medium MH1 adjusted to pH 4.5. They were isolated from many solar salt samples obtained from Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, etc. (Minegishi et al., 2008). Most strains grew at a pH range of 4.5-6.0, and none of them showed growth at pH higher than 6.5. A representative Abbreviations: ML, maximum-likelihood; NJ, neighbour-joining; PGP-Me, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains MH2-243-1 T , MH2-93-1 and MH2-91-1 are AB844670, AB844667 and AB844666, respectively; those for the rpoB9 sequence of the same strains are AB917096, AB917095 and AB917094, respectively. Two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material.

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“…Our previous studies have characterized haloarchaeal diversity using culture-independent 6 7 and culture-dependent 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 approaches. These extremophilic microorganisms require an NaCl concentration of at least 1.5 M for proliferation, with optimal growth observed at 3.5–4.5 M 19 20 , and produce red or pink carotenoid pigments, including bacterioruberin 21 22 23 24 25 .…”

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Occurrence of viable, red-pigmented haloarchaea in the plumage of captive flamingoes

Yim

Kwon

Tae

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus spp.) whose plumage displays elegant colors, inhabit warm regions close to the ocean throughout the world. The pink or reddish color of their plumage originates from carotenoids ingested from carotenoid-abundant food sources, since flamingoes are unable to synthesize these compounds de novo. In this study, viable red-colored archaeal strains classified as extremely halophilic archaea (i.e., haloarchaea) and belonging to the genera Halococcus and Halogeometricum were isolated from the plumage of flamingoes in captivity. Detailed analysis for haloarchaeal community structure in flamingo feathers based on metagenomic data identified several haloarchaeal genera and unclassified sequences of the class Halobacteria at the genus level. Carotenoid pigment analyses showed that a bacterioruberin precursor carotenoid in haloarchaea was identical to one of the pigments found in flamingo plumage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of viable extremophilic archaea in avian plumage, thus contributing to our understanding of the ecology of haloarchaea. The potential influence of haloarchaea as an environmental factor determining avian plumage coloration should be investigated in further studies.

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Halarchaeum solikamskense sp. nov., a thermotolerant neutrophilic haloarchaeon from the foamy products of flotation enrichment of potassium minerals

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes

Halocalculus aciditolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., an acid-tolerant haloarchaeon isolated from commercial salt

Occurrence of viable, red-pigmented haloarchaea in the plumage of captive flamingoes

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