Haemorrhagic lesions resulting from Trypanosoma vivax infection in ayrshire cattle

Gardiner, Peter; Assoku, R.K.G.; Whitelaw, D.D.; Murray, M.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(89)90069-1

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Clustering of Ghanaian T. vivax with those from West Africa and South America is in agreement with previous findings [11, 12, 14], corroborating the hypothesis that T. vivax was introduced into South America with bovines imported from West Africa [11, 12, 16, 18]. T. vivax from Central Africa is reported to share molecular features with both the East and West African isolates [14, 15]. Previously, other workers [16, 7, 23, 28, 14, 11] illustrated a complex structure of T. vivax populations corroborating the high genetic divergence between West and East African T. vivax strains.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although T. vivax is considered to be an important salivarian trypanosome species because of its wide distribution, pathogenicity to cattle, and its relatively high infection rates in tsetse, it remains highly neglected in the scientific literature. This is attributed to the species being notoriously difficult to work with as isolates are not easily adapted to culture or grown in standard laboratory animals [15]. Few studies that have investigated the genetic diversity in T. vivax have typically focused on comparison between isolates from across Africa and South America [1, 11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity amongTrypanosoma (Duttonella) vivaxstrains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

et al. 2013

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Understanding the evolutionary relationships of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax genotypes between West Africa and Southern Africa can provide information on the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis. Cattle blood samples from Zambia and Ghana were screened for T. vivax infection using specie-specific PCR and sequencing analysis. Substantial polymorphism was obtained from phylogenetic analysis of sequences of cathepsin L-like catalytic domains. T. vivax from Ghana clustered together with West African and South American sequences, while T. vivax from Zambia formed one distinct clade and clustered with East African and Southern African sequences. This study suggests existence of distinct genetic diversity between T. vivax genotypes from West Africa and Zambia as per their geographical origins.

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confidence: 89%

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confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity amongTrypanosoma (Duttonella) vivaxstrains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

et al. 2013

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“…The high lethality showed in calves infected by T. vivax in survey 1 is generally associated with severe anemia, the most frequent hematological finding of natural or experimental infection by T. vivax (Gardiner et al 1989;Espinosa et al 2000;Silva and Dávila 2001;Cortez et al 2006;Batista et al 2007Batista et al , 2009Chamond et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Highly debilitating natural Trypanosoma vivax infections in Brazilian calves: epidemiology, pathology, and probable transplacental transmission

et al. 2011

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Clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax in calves were reported for the first time in northeast Brazil. Clinical and epidemiological data, packed cell volumes (PCV), and parasitemia were assessed in 150 calves in May 2009 (rainy season-survey 1) and in 153 calves in November 2009 (dry season-survey 2) in three farms (A, B, and C). Prevalence of T. vivax in calves examined in the survey 1 was 63.3%, 65.0%, and 80.0% in farms A, B, and C, respectively. Morbidity varied from 63.3% to 80%, mortality from 15% to 30% and lethality from 23% to 37.5%. In survey 1, for all farms, high parasitemia (from 30.3 to 26.2 × 10(6) parasites/mL), fever (from 39.8 to 40.3°C), low PCV (from 15.7% to 18.1%), and body score (from 2.5 to 3.5) were detected. Calves showed depression, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, edema of the dewlap, cough, coryza, and diarrhea. The animals from farms A and B were treated with diminazene aceturate. Six months after, in survey 2, non-treated calves from farm C showed values for prevalence (81.82), morbidity (81.82), mortality (12.73), and lethality (15.55) similar to those in survey 1 (P > 0.05). Also in survey 2, four calves aging merely 1-3 days old presented high parasitemia levels (from 32 × 10(6) to 74 × 10(6) parasites/mL), suggesting transplacental transmission. In conclusion, trypanosomiasis by T. vivax constitutes high prevalent disease for calves raised in Brazilian semiarid and may have transplacental transmission.

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“…In the first case, subsequent phagocytosis of altered platelets could result in thrombocytopenia. This lesion is clinically important in all ATs (33), but a real hemorrhagic syndrome is particularly reported in some T. vivax infections, this trypanosome species being long known to present strong sialidase activity (5,40,44). Because surface sialic acids of lymphocytes can be resynthesized within a few hours, sialidases are not thought to affect destruction by phagocytosis (65).…”

Section: New Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-Parasite Interactions in Trypanosomiasis: on the Way to an Antidisease Strategy

2009

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Haemorrhagic lesions resulting from Trypanosoma vivax infection in ayrshire cattle

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic diversity amongTrypanosoma (Duttonella) vivaxstrains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

Genetic diversity amongTrypanosoma (Duttonella) vivaxstrains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

Highly debilitating natural Trypanosoma vivax infections in Brazilian calves: epidemiology, pathology, and probable transplacental transmission

Host-Parasite Interactions in Trypanosomiasis: on the Way to an Antidisease Strategy

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