Host-Parasite Interactions in Trypanosomiasis: on the Way to an Antidisease Strategy

Antoine‐Moussiaux, Nicolas; Büscher, Philippe; Desmecht, Daniël

doi:10.1128/iai.01185-08

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Given that the production of vaccines is a very unlikely prospect, coupled with a significant and rising incidence of resistance to trypanocidal drugs, new routes to identifying intervention strategies are urgently needed. In this context, understanding the mechanisms by which the disease is caused may provide a possible route for therapeutic intervention and/or disease control (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role for Parasite Genetic Diversity in Differential Host Responses toTrypanosoma bruceiInfection

et al. 2010

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The postgenomic era has revolutionized approaches to defining host-pathogen interactions and the investigation of the influence of genetic variation in either protagonist upon infection outcome. We analyzed pathology induced by infection with two genetically distinct Trypanosoma brucei strains and found that pathogenesis is partly strain specific, involving distinct host mechanisms. Infections of BALB/c mice with one strain (927) resulted in more severe anemia and greater erythropoietin production compared to infections with the second strain (247), which, contrastingly, produced greater splenomegaly and reticulocytosis. Plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon levels were significantly higher in strain 927-infected mice, whereas IL-12 was higher in strain 247-infected mice. To define mechanisms underlying these differences, expression microarray analysis of host genes in the spleen at day 10 postinfection was undertaken. Rank product analysis (RPA) showed that 40% of the significantly differentially expressed genes were specific to infection with one or the other trypanosome strain. RPA and pathway analysis identified LXR/RXR signaling, IL-10 signaling, and alternative macrophage activation as the most significantly differentially activated host processes. These data suggest that innate immune response modulation is a key determinant in trypanosome infections, the pattern of which can vary, dependent upon the trypanosome strain. This strongly suggests that a parasite genetic component is responsible for causing disease in the host. Our understanding of trypanosome infections is largely based on studies involving single parasite strains, and our results suggest that an integrated host-parasite approach is required for future studies on trypanosome pathogenesis. Furthermore, it is necessary to incorporate parasite variation into both experimental systems and models of pathogenesis.

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Role for Parasite Genetic Diversity in Differential Host Responses toTrypanosoma bruceiInfection

et al. 2010

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“…is found among horses (Antoine-Moussiaux et al 2009). The clinical signs of animal trypanosomiasis (also called "Nagana") vary with type of animal and with parasite species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma spp. in Swedish game animals

2011

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Serum and blood samples from 36 game animals, shot during the hunting seasons 2007-2009, were collected and analyzed for the presence of Trypanosoma spp. by three methods; Isolation, PCR and serology. Only fisseped animals were included, four different ruminants and wild boar. Trypanosomes could be isolated from two of the animals, and eight had detectable parasite DNA. Seven animals had high titers of anti trypanosoma IgG antibodies. The two isolated strains, one from roe dear and one from European elk, were determined to T. theileri by partial DNA sequencing of the 18 S ribosomal gene. In the seven boars no Trypanosoma were detected, but 4 out of 7 strongly positive serological samples came from this group. This is the first study in Scandinavia on the presence of Trypanosoma in game animals. The results indicate that trypanosomiasis is frequently occurring among Swedish game animals.

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“…In this context, anti-disease strategies against African trypanosomiasis, in the broadest sense, may include: a) prevention of infection by breaking trypanosome transmission through avoiding contact with vectors by using odour-baited traps and screens to remove vectors from the vicinity of the host, 75 deploying synthetic or natural animal-derived vector repellents on the host 76,77 and/or elimination of vectors in the environment by aerial insecticide sprays [78][79][80][81] and integrated vector control using sterile insect technique; 82,83 97 considered, in a review, that anti-disease strategies could be targeted at treatments which did not eliminate the trypanosomes, but prevented the invasion of the brain by maintenance of blood brain barrier, neutralized the toxic products of trypanosomes, modulated the immune processes towards regulation of inflammation, reduction of effect of tumour necrosis factor, amplification of TGF-beta 1 and prevention of apoptosis of lymphocytes. Therefore, the anti-disease strategies propose to promote disease tolerance which is an ability of the host to limit the health consequences of the infective pathogen in spite of burden of infection.…”

Section: Anti-disease Strategies Against Trypanosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

Igbokwe¹

2018

ACP

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African trypanosomes are transmitted biologically by tsetse flies (Glossina spp) to humans and animals to cause African trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis (sleeping sickness or Ngana). The pathology associated with the disease includes blood dyscrasia (anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia), organ damage and inflammation. The infected host's metabolism is altered in response to the disease. The biochemical configuration and functions of the cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytosolic components are deranged by the infection. Cells of the infected host respond biochemically by producing chemical signals which regulate biochemical pathways, influence inflammatory responses and modify structural components. Several biochemical tools have been used to elucidate the biomolecules expressed in the disease. These biomolecules are also markers for diagnostic purposes and pathophysiological evaluations. The technologies involved in the biochemical studies are expanding from basic techniques of colorimetry, spectophotometry, and chromatography to sophisticated mass spectrometry. There are new trends employing systematics such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics (metabonomics). The goal is to identify molecules and biochemical loci which can provide avenue for anti-disease strategies needed to treat and control the disease.

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Host-Parasite Interactions in Trypanosomiasis: on the Way to an Antidisease Strategy

Cited by 28 publications

References 158 publications

Role for Parasite Genetic Diversity in Differential Host Responses toTrypanosoma bruceiInfection

Role for Parasite Genetic Diversity in Differential Host Responses toTrypanosoma bruceiInfection

Trypanosoma spp. in Swedish game animals

Evolving anti-disease strategies from biochemical pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis

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