Genetic diversity among<i>Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax</i>strains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

Nakayima, Jesca; Alhassan, Andy; Hayashida, Kyoko; Namangala, Boniface; Mahama, Charles I.; Afakye, Kofi; Sugimoto, Chihiro

doi:10.1051/parasite/2013024

Cited by 14 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Increasing repertoires of T. vivax genotypes have been disclosed by comparing CATL sequences. Phylogenetic relationships inferred with CATL sequences of T. vivax were highly congruent with those generated by SSU rRNA, gGAPDH and ITS rDNA sequences [ 1 , 21 , 30 , 31 ], T. congolense [ 32 ] and T. theileri [ 36 , 37 ]. Here, the CATL DNA fragments amplified by TviCATL-PCR [ 30 ] from T. vivax field-infected donkeys were cloned, sequenced, and sequences determined for 5–7 clones of each donkey.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…PCR-amplified bands were excised from the gel and sequenced. CATL-amplified DNA were cloned, and 5–7 clones from selected samples were sequenced and aligned with sequences of T. vivax isolates from the nearby RN and PB states and other South American isolates [ 30 , 31 ]. The alignment including sequences of T. vivax isolates from Brazil, Venezuela, The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Mozambique, Kenya and Zambia [ 30 , 31 ] was employed for neighbour joining phylogenetic analysis as described previously [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe Brazilian Semiarid is the home of the largest herd of donkeys in South America and of outbreaks of Trypanosoma vivax infection of high mortality in dairy cattle and sheep. For a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these outbreaks and epidemiological role of donkeys, we surveyed for T. vivax in wandering donkeys and follow the experimental infection of donkeys and sheep with a highly virulent isolate from the Semiarid.MethodsBlood samples from 180 randomly selected wandering donkeys from the Brazilian Semiarid region were employed for PCV and parasitemia assessments and tested using the T. vivax-specific TviCATL-PCR assay. PCR-amplifed Cathepsin L (CATL) sequences were employed for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Four wandering donkeys were experimentally infected with a T. vivax isolate obtained during an outbreak of high mortality in the Semiarid; the control group consisted of two non-inoculated donkeys.ResultsWe detected T. vivax in 30 of 180 wandering donkeys (16.6 %) using TviCATL-PCR. The prevalence was higher during the dry (15.5 %) than the wet season (1.1 %) and more females (23.1 %) than males (8.9 %) were infected. All the PCR-positive donkeys lacked patent parasitemia and showed normal values of body condition score (BCS) and packed cell volume (PCV). To evaluate the probable tolerance of donkeys to T. vivax, we inoculated five donkeys with a highly virulent isolate (TviBrRp) from the Semiarid. All inoculated donkeys became PCR-positive, but their parasitemia was always subpatent. A control goat inoculated with TviBrRp showed increasing parasitemia concurrently with fever, declining PCV, tachycardia, mucous membrane pallor, enlarged lymph nodes and anorexia. None of these signs were observed in donkeys. However, T. vivax from wandering donkeys shared identical or highly similar genotypes (identified by Cathepsin L sequences) with isolates from cattle and sheep outbreaks of acute disease in the Semiarid.ConclusionsThis is the first report of T. vivax in donkeys in Brazil and, to our knowledge, the first experimental infection of donkeys with T. vivax. The symptomless field and experimental infections corroborated that donkeys are more tolerant to T. vivax than other livestock species as shown in African countries. Therefore, farmers, veterinaries and control programmes should be aware of healthy carrier donkeys as a possible source of T. vivax for susceptible livestock species in the Brazilian Semiarid.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-1169-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep

et al. 2015

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“…Novel trypanosomes from tsetse flies [7, 25, 26, 29, 30, 44–46] and African ungulates [2, 23, 24, 34] were reported in eastern and central-southern African wildlife conservation areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa

et al. 2017

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Background Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is a major pathogen of livestock in Africa and South America (SA), and genetic studies limited to small sampling suggest greater diversity in East Africa (EA) compared to both West Africa (WA) and SA.MethodsMultidimensional scaling and phylogenetic analyses of 112 sequences of the glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) gene and 263 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA (ITS rDNA) were performed to compare trypanosomes from tsetse flies from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique (MZ), wild ungulates and livestock from EA, and livestock isolates from WA and SA.ResultsMultidimensional scaling (MDS) supported Tvv (T. vivax) and TvL (T. vivax-like) evolutionary lineages: 1) Tvv comprises two main groups, TvvA/B (all SA and WA isolates plus some isolates from EA) and TvvC/D (exclusively from EA). The network revealed five ITS-genotypes within Tvv: Tvv1 (WA/EA isolates), Tvv2 (SA) and Tvv3–5 (EA). EA genotypes of Tvv ranged from highly related to largely different from WA/SA genotypes. 2) TvL comprises two gGAPDH-groups formed exclusively by EA sequences, TvLA (Tanzania/Kenya) and TvLB-D (MZ). This lineage contains more than 11 ITS-genotypes, seven forming the lineage TvL-Gorongosa that diverged from T. vivax Y486 enough to be identified as another species of the subgenus Duttonella. While gGAPDH sequences were fundamental for classification at the subgenus, major evolutionary lineages and species levels, ITS rDNA sequences permitted identification of known and novel genotypes.ConclusionsOur results corroborate a remarkable diversity of Duttonella trypanosomes in EA, especially in wildlife conservation areas, compared to the moderate diversity in WA. Surveys in wilderness areas in WA may reveal greater diversity. Biogeographical and phylogenetic data point to EA as the place of origin, diversification and spread of Duttonella trypanosomes across Africa, providing relevant insights towards the understanding of T. vivax evolutionary history.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2241-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Additionally, the data in many countries are from a limited baseline, and the absence of, for example, a particular subgroup may merely indicate lack of detection, not necessarily absence of the parasite. Country data were generated by searching PubMed for 'congolense and country name' African group and a West African group (42,43). There is some evidence to suggest that West African T. vivax is more pathogenic to cattle than East African T. vivax (39), but in common with the other trypanosome species of importance to cattle, this link between trypanosome genotype and disease severity in the mammalian host remains unclear.…”

Section: Fig 1 Distribution Of Trypanosoma Congolense and Subgroupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle trypanosomosis: the diversity of trypanosomes and implications for disease epidemiology and control

Auty¹,

Torr²,

Michoel³

et al. 2015

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Trypanosomosis is one of the most significant infectious threats to cattle in sub-Saharan Africa, and one form has also spread to Asia and South America. The disease is caused by a complex of trypanosome species, and the species and strain of parasite can have a profound influence upon the epidemiology of the host-parasite-vector relationships, the severity and course of infection, and, consequently, the implementation and development of control methods. This review will summarise our current knowledge of the relationship between trypanosome species/genotype and the phenotype of disease in cattle, and the implications that this has for ongoing efforts to develop diagnostics, drugs and vaccines for the control of cattle trypanosomosis.

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Genetic diversity amongTrypanosoma (Duttonella) vivaxstrains from Zambia and Ghana, based on cathepsin L-like gene

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep

Field and experimental symptomless infections support wandering donkeys as healthy carriers of Trypanosoma vivax in the Brazilian Semiarid, a region of outbreaks of high mortality in cattle and sheep

New insights from Gorongosa National Park and Niassa National Reserve of Mozambique increasing the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma vivax-like in tsetse flies, wild ungulates and livestock from East Africa

Cattle trypanosomosis: the diversity of trypanosomes and implications for disease epidemiology and control

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