Hábitos de sueño, desempeño académico y comportamiento en niños de básica primaria

Abstract

ResumenIntroducción: una reducción del tiempo de sueño o la presencia de alteraciones en el mismo, trae repercusiones negativas en el funcionamiento de cualquier persona durante la vigilia. Objetivos: el presente estudio tuvo como propósito identificar la relación de los hábitos de sueño con el desempeño académico y el comportamiento en niños de básica primaria. Metodología: los participantes fueron 405 niños y niñas matriculados en instituciones educativas oficiales y privadas. Los padres de familia respondieron la Encuesta de Hábitos de Sueño Infantil (cshq) y la Escala Multidimensional de la Conducta (basc), mientras que los profesores evaluaron el desempeño de los alumnos a través de la Escala de Desempeño Académico (aprs). Resultados: los niños durmieron en promedio 8,75 horas, tiempo inferior al sugerido para estas edades y al encontrado en otros estudios. Los niños del colegio oficial tuvieron puntuaciones que indicaron mayores dificultades en distintas subescalas del sueño con respecto a los alumnos del colegio privado. Se observó una disminución significativa del tiempo de sueño nocturno en semana a medida que los niños avanzan en edad. Por otro lado, se pudo establecer una relación significativa de orden positivo entre el sueño y el comportamiento, y negativa entre este último y el desempeño académico. Conclusiones: la presencia de problemas en el sueño se asoció con alteraciones comportamentales en los niños, las que, a su vez, se asociaron con un menor rendimiento académico. Estos datos resaltan la importancia de dormir bien como una condición necesaria para alcanzar un óptimo funcionamiento en el ámbito escolar.Palabras clave: comportamiento en niños, desempeño académico, hábitos de sueño, sueño. This study aimed to identify the relationship between sleep habits and academic performance and behavior in primary school children. Methodology: Participants were 405 children enrolled in public and private educational institutions. Parents answered the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (cshq) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children (basc), while teachers assessed student performance through the Academic Performance Rating Scale (aprs). Results: Children slept 8.75 hours on average, which is less than suggested for these ages and less than found in other studies. Children from the public school had scores indicating greater difficulties in different sleep subscales with respect to students from the private school. A significant decrease in nocturnal sleep time during the week was observed as children progressed in age. Furthermore, it was possible to establish a significant positive relationship between sleep and behavior, and a negative relationship between the latter and academic performance. Conclusions: The presence of sleep problems was associated with behavioral alterations in children, which, in turn, were associated with a lower academic performance. These data highlight the importance of sleeping well as a necessary condition to achieve optimal performance at school.

Quality Of Infant Sleep, Electronic Devices And Bullying Behaviors In Schools

“…Sleep affects behavioral and emotional regulation in children (Gregory & Sadeh, 2012;Kamphuis et al, 2012;O'Brien et al, 2011;Vriend et al, 2013). Poor sleep hygiene, irregular sleep schedules, sleep deprivation, and sleep disorders are associated with a greater tendency to exhibit behavioral problems, lack of attention, increased propensity for aggression, and hyperactivity (Alfano et al, 2009;Dahl, 2006;Haynes et al, 2006;Kamphuis et al, 2012;Muñoz-Quintero & Bianchi, 2017;Peach & Gaultney, 2013). The behavioral problems that may arise due to poor sleep quality are associated with a higher prevalence of aggressive behaviors directed at other individuals, both in children and adolescents (Muñoz-Quintero & Biachi, 2017;O'Brien, 2009).…”

“…It is extremely important to become acquainted with children's sleep habits and sleep quality and learn the impact these factors can have on variables such as behavior. To do this, several studies investigated the relationship between sleep and neurobehavioral functioning (Blunden & Chervin, 2008;Ravid, Afek, Suraiya, Shahar, & Pillar, 2009) and found that sleep problems undeniably have an impact on children's daytime functioning, leading to more irritability, restlessness, symptoms of depression, aggressive behavior, and inattention (Muñoz-Quintero & Bianchi, 2017). Other studies have also demonstrated the existence of a relationship between poor sleep quality and aggressive behavior towards peers, antisocial behavior, hyperactivity, and attention deficit (Beebe, 2011;Biggs at al., 2011).…”