Haag-Dessau-Katalysatoren zur Ringöffnung von Cycloalkanen

Raichle, Andreas; Traa, Yvonne; Fuder, Franz; Rupp, Martin; Weitkamp, Jens

doi:10.1002/1521-3757(20010401)113:7<1268::aid-ange1268>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Its salient feature is a direct attack of the proton of the Brønsted acid site on C‐C or C‐H σ‐bonds 13–17. It was fortuitously found that the highest contribution of Haag–Dessau hydrocracking and the highest yields of the desired C 2+ ‐ n ‐alkanes are achieved, if the H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst is modified with ultra‐low amounts of a noble metal, e.g., 10 to 100 wt.‐ppm of palladium 87…”

Section: Hydrocracking Of One‐ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17] It was fortuitously found that the highest contribution of Haag-Dessau hydrocracking and the highest yields of the desired C 2 + -n-alkanes are achieved, if the H-ZSM-5 catalyst is modified with ultra-low amounts of a noble metal, e.g., 10 to 100 wt.-ppm of palladium. [87] Figure 14. Product yields in the hydrocracking of methylcyclohexane on zeolite H-ZSM-5.…”

Section: Hydrocracking Of One-ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

2012

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Hydrocracking of saturated hydrocarbons can proceed by means of four distinctly different mechanisms. On bifunctional catalysts comprising hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and Brønsted acid sites alkenes and carbocations occur as intermediates. The current mechanistic views of bifunctional hydrocracking of long‐chain n‐alkanes are discussed in detail with emphasis on the now widely accepted concept of ideal hydrocracking. Other mechanisms are hydrogenolysis and Haag–Dessau hydrocracking which proceed, respectively, on monofunctional metallic and acidic catalysts. Even without a catalyst, thermal hydrocracking occurs in chain reactions via radicals. The chemistry of hydrocracking naphthenes on bifunctional catalysts resembles that of alkanes. A peculiarity, however, is the pronounced reluctance of cyclic carbenium ions to undergo endocyclic β‐scissions. The effect manifests itself in the so‐called paring reaction, which, in turn, forms the basis for measuring the Spaciousness Index for characterizing the effective pore width of zeolitic catalysts. Hydrocracking on bifunctional catalysts is among the very important processes in modern petroleum refining. It is primarily used for converting heavy oils into diesel and jet fuel. Besides, hydrocracking is appreciated for its pronounced versatility: numerous process variants exist which help to meet specific requirements in refineries or petrochemical plants. Two recent developments are briefly discussed in this review, viz. the conversion of surplus aromatics, e.g., in pyrolysis gasoline, into a synthetic feedstock for steam crackers, and quality enhancement of diesel fuel by selective ring opening of polynuclear aromatics.

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Section: Hydrocracking Of One‐ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrocracking Of One-ring Aromatics Into a Synthetic Steamcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

2012

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“…The process includes ring contraction, and selective ring opening [5][6][7][8][9]. The removal of sulfides and benzene has been widely studied [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Efforts have been made in the study of aromatic and sulfide hydrogenation under mild conditions [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Sulphides and Benzene in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline by Insitu Hydrogenation Over NbFAPSO-5

Mominou¹

2019

AJAC

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Niobium containing aluminophosphate molecular sieve (NbFAPSO-5) was hydrothermally synthesized with AlPO-5 type structure. Characterization of this catalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction to determine its structure, inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for its elemental composition and infrared spectrometry (IR) to access its acidic properties. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed well AlPO-5 type structure. ICP-AES analysis confirmed the incorporation of silicon (12.9%), aluminium (15.4%), phosphorous (21.9%), iron (5.62%) and niobium (0.39%) into AlPO-5 framework. Infrared spectrometry analysis showed that both Bronsted and Lewis sites were found in the synthesized sample. A fixed-bed reactor was used to investigate the activity of the resulting catalysts in the removal of sulfides and benzene in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline. Under suitable conditions of a metal loading of 15%, a reaction temperature of 423K, a reaction time of 30 min, a space velocity of 3 h −1 , and a reaction pressure of 1 MPa; desulfurization and debenzolization ratios reach 100% and 19.9% respectively. Research octane number of the gasoline increased by two units. This remarkable behavior makes NbFAPSO-5 family, a potential candidate for industrial application as catalysts in the clean fuel.

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Technische Chemie 2001

Claus

Schimpf

Gutsche³

2002

Nachr Chem

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Im Trend liegen wissensbasierte Ansätze für das Design von heterogenen Katalysatoren, In‐situ‐Methoden, Goldkatalysatoren sowie das weitere Vordringen von Hochdurchsatz‐Techniken für die Katalysatorentwicklung. Bei der homogenen Katalyse dominieren enantioselektive Reaktionen, neue Systeme für die Hydroformylierung und die Heterogenisierung von homogenen Katalysatoren. Ionische Flüssigkeiten finden zunehmend Anwendung für Katalyse und Stofftrennung. Die Mikroreaktionstechnik hält nunmehr auch Einzug in die chemische Industrie.

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Haag-Dessau-Katalysatoren zur Ringöffnung von Cycloalkanen

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

Catalytic Hydrocracking—Mechanisms and Versatility of the Process

Removal of Sulphides and Benzene in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline by Insitu Hydrogenation Over NbFAPSO-5

Technische Chemie 2001

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