Gut Hormones, Appetite Suppression and Cachexia in Patients with Pulmonary TB

Chang, Suzanne W.; Pan, William; Beltrán, Daniel; Baldelomar, Lizet Oleyda; Solano, Marco; Tuero, Iskra; Friedland, Jon S.; Torrico, Faustino; Gilman, Robert H.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054564

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar to our findings, elevated resistin levels in TB patients with severe disease or with cachexia have been reported by other study groups [43,44]. The anti-oxidant effects of resistin in leukocytes revealed in this study hence provide a mechanistic explanation for the compromised innate immune Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased resistin may suppress reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection

Wen

Yen

et al. 2015

Microbes and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased resistin may suppress reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection

Wen

Yen

et al. 2015

Microbes and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Surprisingly, 40% patients only complained of loss of appetite. Appetite-regulatory hormones are altered in TB patients, which improve on treatment [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First and second line drug resistance among treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a district under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in New Delhi

Myneedu¹,

Singhal²,

Khayyam³

et al. 2015

JEGH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is limited information of level of drug resistance to first-line and second line anti-tuberculosis agents in treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients from the Indian region. Therefore, the present prospective study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility to first-line and second line anti-TB drug resistance in such patients. Sputum samples from consecutive treatment naïve PTB cases registered in Lala Ram Sarup (LRS) district, under RNTCP containing 12 Directly Observed Treatment Centre's (DOTS), were enrolled using cluster sampling technology. A total of 453 samples were received from July 2011 to June 2012. All samples were cultured on solid medium followed by drug susceptibility to first and second line anti-tubercular drugs as per RNTCP guidelines. Primary multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 18/453; (4.0%). Extensively drug resistance (XDR) was found in one strain (0.2%), which was found to be resistant to other antibiotics. Data of drug resistant tuberculosis among treatment naïve TB patients are lacking in India. The presence of XDR-TB and high MDR-TB in small population studied, calls for conducting systematic multi-centric surveillance across the country.

show abstract

“…Immune responses to TB are influenced by a variety of factors, including younger age [18], diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, alcohol, immunosuppressive drugs [19], HIV status, and concurrent infections. Cachexia has been linked to poor prognosis and is a major risk factor for mortality [20]. All these factors are also associated with VDD [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of DOTS Treatment on Vitamin D Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Naik

Rajan

Manjrekar

et al. 2017

JCDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

INTRODUCTIONPTB is associated with weight loss, nutritional deficiency and impaired metabolism [6]. In the prebiotic era, sun exposure, TB sanatorium and cod liver oil were commonly used to treat patients infected with TB. All these incidentally are good sources of Vit D [2,7]. DOTS is the current treatment modality for TB which comprises of administration of anti-tubercular drugs in two phases, intensive phase and continuous phase [8]. With the advent of effective antituberculosis drugs, enthusiasm for treating TB with the earlier Vit D rich modalities subsided [9]. Impaired metabolism in PTB may possibly worsen the effects of VDD [6]. In TB, liver functions may be hampered by diffuse hepatic involvement, granulomatous hepatitis or local abscess formation [10].Previous reports on the interaction between Vit D and anti-tubercular drugs have shown that, rifampicin causes an accelerated loss of Vit D due to increased clearance as it acts as an agonist to pregnane X receptor and inducing the activity of CYP3A4 and limiting the formation of active one alpha 25(OH)2D3 [11]. CYP3A4, a hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme is involved in drug metabolism, and catabolism of Vit D via a similar pathway as CYP24A1 (an enzyme catalysing the hydroxylation steps of Vit D2 and Vit D3) [12]. Isoniazid causes impairment of 25-hydroxylation leading to impaired Vit D action [13,14], although pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin have all been associated with hepatotoxicity and the risk is enhanced when these drugs are used in combination. Studies have reported 1-31% of TB patients experience drug related hepatotoxicity following TB treatment [15]. However, isoniazid and ethambutol have been associated with acute kidney injury, rifampin is the most common as reported by most studies [16,17]. Immune responses to TB are influenced by a variety of factors, including younger age [18], diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, alcohol, immunosuppressive drugs [19], HIV status, and concurrent infections. Cachexia has been linked to poor prognosis and is a major risk factor for mortality [20]. All these factors are also associated with VDD [21]. The underlying mechanism of how Vit D metabolisms could be linked to the pathophysiology of PTB is complex and not fully understood. This research was carried out to study the changes in Vit D levels in active PTB, the effect of DOTS on Vit D status and alterations in hepatic and renal profiles possibly contributing to the effects.

show abstract

Gut Hormones, Appetite Suppression and Cachexia in Patients with Pulmonary TB

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Increased resistin may suppress reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection

Increased resistin may suppress reactive oxygen species production and inflammasome activation in type 2 diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis infection

First and second line drug resistance among treatment naïve pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a district under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in New Delhi

Effect of DOTS Treatment on Vitamin D Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About