Gut flora and disease resistance

Hentges, David J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2364-8_5

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Bacillus and Lactobacillus are also known to increase the rate of glucose transport, intestinal villous height, and crypt depth ratio (Breves et al, 2000;Rao and Wang, 2010), which may have contributed to improved nutrient uptake in pigs. Moreover, probiotic products may compete with other intestinal microorganisms for nutrients or result in production of antibacterial substances (Hentges, 1992) if continuously administered to the animals, which would explain the results regarding nutrient digestibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Bacillus-based probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in enteric microbial challenged weaned piglets

Ahmed¹,

Ji²,

Mun³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The present study investigates the efficacies of two probiotic products as alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunity, and fecal microbiota in piglets challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium KCTC 2515 and Escherichia coli KCTC 2571. Ninety-six 28-day-old piglets were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments consisting of four replicate pens with six piglets each. The dietary treatments were: negative control (NC), positive control (PC, 0.002% apramycin), 0.5% Lactobacillus probiotic (P1), and 0.04% Bacillus probiotic (P2). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by treatment with PC and P1, whereas, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by treatment with P2 compared to NC (P < 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat increased upon treatment with PC, P1, and P2 compared to NC. All dietary treatments showed significant reduction of fecal Salmonella and E. coli counts with an increase of Lactobacillus and Bacillus spp counts compared to NC (P < 0.05). The serum IgG level was elevated by P2 treatment compared to others (P < 0.05). Overall, both Lactobacillus and Bacillus probiotics had beneficial effects on weaned piglets under challenged condition and therefore, can be used as potential alternatives to antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Bacillus-based probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in enteric microbial challenged weaned piglets

Ahmed¹,

Ji²,

Mun³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…Species diversity and an array of microbial interactions lead to a high degree of homoeostasis and self-regulation in the colonic micro¯ora (Veilleux & Rowland, 1981). Stability of the micro¯ora effectively limits the capacity of invading micro-organisms, including pathogens, to colonise the gut, giving rise to what has been termed`colonisation resistance' (Hentges, 1992).…”

Section: Microbial Ecology Of the Human Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

et al. 2000

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One of the most topical areas of human nutrition is the role of the gut in health and disease. Specifically, this involves interactions between the resident microbiota and dietary ingredients that support their activities. Currently, it is accepted that the gut microflora contains pathogenic, benign and beneficial components. Some microbially induced disease states such as acute gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis have a defined aetiological agent(s). Speculation on the role of microbiota components in disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, bowel cancer, neonatal necrotising enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are less well defined, but many studies are convincing. It is evident that the gut microflora composition can be altered through diet. Because of their perceived health-promoting status, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the commonest targets. Probiotics involve the use of live micro-organisms in food; prebiotics are carbohydrates selectively metabolized by desirable moieties of the indigenous flora; synbiotics combine the two approaches. Dietary intervention of the human gut microbiota is feasible and has been proven as efficacious in volunteer trials. The health bonuses of such approaches offer the potential to manage many gut disorders prophylactically. However, it is imperative that the best methodologies available are applied to this area of nutritional sciences. This will undoubtedly involve a genomic application to the research and is already under way through molecular tracking of microbiota changes to diet in controlled human trials.

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“…Host and bacterial molecules are of pathogens such as Salmonella enteritidis from ca. 10 6 to as low as 10 cfu (48). In humans, the use of antibiotics is associated with overgrowth in the gut by Clostridium difficile leading to severe diarrhoea.…”

Section: Formation Of Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural selection has probably ensured that the most competitive and efficient strains in terms of metabolism and colonisation are already members of the oral resident microflora. In addition, colonisation resistance will be maintained by (c) the production of inhibitory metabolites, and (d) the creation of unfavourable environmental conditions for exogenous organisms (48). Some strains of S. sali6arius strains produce a bacteriocin (termed enocin or salivaricin) with activity against Lancefield Group A streptococci (52).…”

Section: Formation Of Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Oral Microflora in Health

Marsh¹

2000

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

102

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The mouth contains both distinct mucosal (lips, cheek, tongue, palate) and, uniquely, non-shedding surfaces (teeth) for microbial colonisation. Each surface harbours a diverse but characteristic microflora, the composition and metabolism of which is dictated by the biological properties of each site. The resident oral microflora develops in an orderly manner via waves of microbial succession (both autogenic and allogenic). Pioneer species (many of which are sIgA protease-producing streptococci) colonise saliva-coated surfaces through specific stereo-chemical, adhesin-receptor interactions. The metabolism of these organisms modifies local environmental conditions, facilitating subsequent attachment and growth by later, and more fastidious, colonisers. Eventually, a stable biofilm community develops, that plays an active role in (a) the normal development of the physiology of the habitat, and (b) the innate host defences (colonisation resistance). Thus, when considering treatment options, clinicians should be aware of the need to maintain the beneficial properties of the resident oral microflora.

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Gut flora and disease resistance

Cited by 64 publications

References 62 publications

Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Bacillus-based probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in enteric microbial challenged weaned piglets

Evaluation of Lactobacillus and Bacillus-based probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in enteric microbial challenged weaned piglets

Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

Role of the Oral Microflora in Health

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