Gunshot residue background on police officers: Considerations for secondary transfer in GSR evidence evaluation

Lucas, Nick; Cook, Michael; Kirkbride, K. Paul; Kobus, Hilton

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The risk of pollution with GSR particles that migrate from police officers to suspects is also regularly evaluated. Lucas et al recently proposed a review of this issue [ 38 ]. In the same article, the authors report a study comparing the average level of contamination of police officers to a random population.…”

Section: Inorganic Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To estimate the potential pollution, Gassner et al [ 67 ] considered three scenarios: the first involved handling a gun for a short period of time; the second scenario was shaking hands with a person who had very recently fired a gun; the third scenario simulated an arrest by a police officer, similar to what was proposed in another paper [ 38 ], except that in this case the police officer was asked to use his firearm prior to the arrest. Three OGSR compounds were targeted and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS: akardite II, ethylcentralie and N -nitrosodiphenylamine.…”

Section: Organic Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interpol Review of Gunshot Residue 2019 to 2021

Charles¹,

Geusens²,

Nys³

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Section: Inorganic Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organic Gsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpol Review of Gunshot Residue 2019 to 2021

Charles¹,

Geusens²,

Nys³

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…explosive [33][34][35] and gunshot residues (GSR) [36][37][38][39][40][41], and soil [42][43][44][45][46], as well as other less commonly encountered traces including glitter [47], fragrances [48][49][50], lipsticks [51], petrol [52], and polyurethane foam [53]. While valuable, such research tends to be very material-dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors that could apply to most material types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most of the TPPR experimental work reported has focused on textile fibers [5–7,10–14] and glass [8,9,15–17]. Other authors have since investigated traditional trace evidence types like hair [18–20], paint [21–25], botanical and biological material [26–32], explosive [33–35] and gunshot residues (GSR) [36–41], and soil [42–46], as well as other less commonly encountered traces including glitter [47], fragrances [48–50], lipsticks [51], petrol [52], and polyurethane foam [53]. While valuable, such research tends to be very material‐dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors that could apply to most material types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fresh scientific look at transfer and persistence: From a materials science and tribology perspective

Aberle

Kobus

Robertson

et al. 2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Knowledge of the mechanisms governing transfer, persistence, and recovery of trace evidence, together with background prevalence in the population of interest, and other task relevant information, is key for the forensic interpretation and reconstruction of what happened at the activity level. Up to now, this informational “toolkit” has largely been developed through empirical forensic studies on specific trace materials such as glass, textile fibers, and soil. Combined with the identified systemic siloing between disciplines, while valuable, such research tends to be very material‐dependent, introducing specific parameters and interpretations that may have actually impeded the recognition of underlying foundational factors applicable to most material types. In Australia, there has been a renewed interest in developing a discipline‐independent framework for the interpretation and/or reconstruction of trace evidence to interpret specific circumstances in casework. In this paper, we present a discipline agnostic “way of thinking” that has been anchored in foundational science underpinning the trace evidence discipline. Physical and mechanical material properties such as material geometry and surface topography, strength, stiffness, and hardness collectively influence contact interactions through underlying friction, wear, and lubrication cause and effect mechanisms. We discuss how these fundamental factors and parameters stemming from materials science and tribology may be adopted and adapted by forensic practitioners and researchers to contribute to a better understanding of transfer, persistence, and recovery mechanisms irrespective of evidence discipline and material type. Examples are provided to demonstrate the practical significance to real‐life casework and academic research.

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“…

When a gun is fired, a number of particles and gases, which are called gunshot residue (GSR), are released. Detection of GSR particles, as an important step to solve a case, potentially indicates that a person fired a gun or somehow involved the shooting event in a close distance to discharged gun [1,2]. GSR particles consist of a combination of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and barium (Ba), and other elements may accompany this characteristic structure [3].Various methods are utilized in GSR analysis, which can be detected frequently on individuals' body parts, especially in the hand and around the gun.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%