Interpol Review of Gunshot Residue 2019 to 2021

Charles, Sébastien; Geusens, Nadia; Nys, Bart

doi:10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100302

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Adding Sn to lead alloys improves their hardness and reduces friction, resulting in more accurate shots that are less likely to deform upon impact with a target and prevent Pb build-up in the barrel of firearms [35,36]. Sn in primer mixture enhances sensitivity, stability, and reduces the frequency of misfires in firearms [37,38]. Sn is also used in the production of other items such as food packaging, beverage containers, interior home decor, and jewelry [39], which can be potential sources of touch DNA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin

Bonsu

Higgins

Simon³

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Metals can pose challenges while conducting forensic DNA analysis. The presence of metal ions in evidence-related DNA extracts can degrade DNA or inhibit PCR as applied to DNA quantification (real-time PCR or qPCR) and/or STR amplification, leading to low success in STR profiling. Different metal ions were spiked into 0.2 and 0.5 ng of human genomic DNA in an "inhibition study" and the impact was evaluated by qPCR using the Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an in-house SYBR Green assay. This study reports on a contradictory finding specific to tin (Sn) ions, which caused at least a 38,000-fold overestimation of DNA concentration when utilizing Quantifiler Trio. This was explained by the raw and multicomponent spectral plots, which indicated that Sn suppresses the Quantifiler Trio passive reference dye (Mustang Purple™, MP) at ion concentrations above 0.1 mM. This effect was not observed when DNA was quantified using SYBR Green with ROX™ as the passive reference, nor when DNA was extracted and purified prior to Quantifiler Trio.The results show that metal contaminants can interfere with qPCR-based DNA quantification in unexpected ways and may be assay dependent. The results also highlight the importance of qPCR as a quality check to determine steps for sample cleanup prior to STR amplification that may be similarly impacted by metal ions. Forensic workflows should recognize the risk of inaccurate DNA quantification of samples that are collected from substrates containing tin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin

Bonsu

Higgins

Simon³

et al. 2023

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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show abstract

“…The example used to illustrate the need for robust interdisciplinary founda ons in basic sciences in the le er focuses on the omission of two papers [6,7] in the latest Interpol review on gunshot residue [8]. It is an interes ng example, as it may illustrate well a key message of our paper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%