Guidelines for the Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Systemic Hypertension in Dogs and Cats

Brown, Scott A.; Atkins, Clarke E.; Bagley, Rod; Carr, Anthony P.; Cowgill, Larry D; Davidson, Michael G.; Egner, Beate; Elliott, Jonathan; Henik, Rosemary A.; Labato, Mary Anna; Littman, Meryl P.; Polzin, David J.; Ross, Linda; Snyder, Patti S.; Stepien, Rebecca L.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03005.x

Cited by 546 publications

(518 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Blood pressure measurements were routinely performed by a certified veterinary technician, in accordance with the current recommendations for diagnosis and management of hypertension in companion animals. 33 The mean of a series of 5 SBP readings was used as a representative value for the session. 34,35 A measurement of SBP ≥ 160 mm Hg was considered hypertensive for the purposes of this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,35 A measurement of SBP ≥ 160 mm Hg was considered hypertensive for the purposes of this study. 33 Medical records of hypertensive dogs were further scrutinized for comments that reflected clinical suspicion of situational hypertension on the basis of the notation of either pain or substantial signs of anxiety at the time of blood pressure measurement. 33 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005–2007)

LeBlanc

Stepien²,

Bentley³

2011

javma

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Objective To characterize ocular findings in hypertensive dogs, determine prevalence of hypertension in dogs with ocular disease suggestive of hypertension, and examine possible relationships between degree of hypertension and ocular disease. Design Retrospective case series. Animals 65 dogs initially referred for blood pressure measurement (n = 22), ophthalmic examination (25), or both (18). Procedures Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs examined at the teaching hospital that underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and blood pressure measurement within a 24-hour period between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007. Signalment, history, blood pressure measurements, ophthalmic examination findings, and any vasoactive drug treatments were recorded. Ocular lesions considered likely to be associated with systemic hypertension included retinal hemorrhage, retinal detachment, hyphema, tortuous vessels, and subretinal edema. Results Of the 65 dogs, 42 were hypertensive (systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mm Hg) and 23 were normotensive. Sixty-two percent (26/42) of hypertensive dogs had ≥ 1 type of ocular lesion identified. Retinal hemorrhage was the most common ocular lesion in hypertensive dogs (17/42 [40%]). The presence of ≥ 1 type of ocular lesion had moderate sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 61%, respectively, for identification of hypertension. Fifteen of the 25 (60%) dogs referred for blood pressure measurement after initial ophthalmic examination were found to be hypertensive. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Ocular lesions are common in dogs with systemic hypertension. Dogs with hypertension or diseases associated with hypertension should be monitored carefully for evidence of ocular target organ damage, and hypertension should be systematically ruled out in dogs with characteristic ocular lesions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005–2007)

LeBlanc

Stepien²,

Bentley³

2011

javma

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“…The measurement was made with the animals in left lateral recumbency, and the cuff was placed proximal to the tarsus to compress the cranial tibial artery. The first measurement was made and discarded; then three measurements were obtained for each animal, as previously described (Stepien and Rapoport 1999, Brown and others 2007), and the mean value was calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of renal vascular resistance and blood pressure in dogs and cats with renal disease

2010

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This study investigated the possible relationships between renal resistive index (RI) or pulsatility index (PI) and systolic blood pressure and biochemical and haematological parameters in dogs and cats with renal disease. The study included 50 dogs and 20 cats with renal disease. RI and PI were significantly higher in both dogs and cats with renal disease than in 27 healthy dogs and 10 healthy cats. In dogs, a significant negative correlation was found between RI and red blood cell count, and a positive correlation was found between PI and serum creatinine. In cats, a positive correlation was found between RI and serum urea, between PI and serum creatinine, and between PI and serum urea. No relationship could be found between either RI or PI and systolic blood pressure.

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“…Chronic kidney disease is a major cause of hypertension in cats but it is likely that it also contributes to progression of renal disease. Systemic hypertension is associated with proteinuria which is in turn associated with more rapidly progressive kidney disease (Brown and others 2007). …”

Section: Diagnosis and Investigation Of Feline Chronic Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and investigation of chronic kidney disease in cats

Cannon¹

2016

In Practice

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DIAGNOSISChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder of cats, particularly those in middle to old age. This article describes a practical approach to the diagnosis of CKD in cats and the additional investigations that will then allow an effective treatment plan to be developed, tailored to the needs of the individual cat. A second article in this supplement covers the approaches to treatment of CKD and its associated complications.

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Guidelines for the Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Systemic Hypertension in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 546 publications

References 145 publications

Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005–2007)

Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in dogs: 65 cases (2005–2007)

Assessment of renal vascular resistance and blood pressure in dogs and cats with renal disease

Diagnosis and investigation of chronic kidney disease in cats

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