Guided cell migration on a graded micropillar substrate

Krishnamoorthy, Srikumar; Zhang, Zhengyi; Xu, Changxue

doi:10.1007/s42242-020-00059-7

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The sample was washed with D-PBS three times and imaged with a fluorescence microscope (Ti-S, Nikon, Japan). The axon outgrowth of PC12 cells was characterized by length (L) and the orientation (θ), where L is the end-to-end distance from soma to axon tip and θ is the angle between axon and electric current or stretch direction ( Shineh et al, 2019 ; Krishnamoorthy et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrical and Electromechanical Stimulation on PC12 Cell Proliferation and Axon Outgrowth

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Peripheral nerve injuries have become a common clinical disease with poor prognosis and complicated treatments. The development of tissue engineering pointed a promising direction to produce nerve conduits for nerve regeneration. Electrical and mechanical stimulations have been incorporated with tissue engineering, since such external stimulations could promote nerve cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, the combination of electrical and mechanical stimulations (electromechanical stimulation) and its effects on neuron proliferation and axon outgrowth have been rarely investigated. Herein, silver nanowires (AgNWs) embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) electrodes were developed to study the effects of electromechanical stimulation on rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) behaviors. AgNWs/PDMS electrodes demonstrated good biocompatibility and established a stable electric field during mechanical stretching. PC12 cells showed enhanced proliferation rate and axon outgrowth under electrical stimulation alone, and the cell number significantly increased with higher electrical stimulation intensity. The involvement of mechanical stretching in electrical stimulation reduced the cell proliferation rate and axon outgrowth, compared with the case of electrical stimulation alone. Interestingly, the cellular axons outgrowth was found to depend on the stretching direction, where the axons prefer to align perpendicularly to the stretch direction. These results suggested that AgNWs/PDMS electrodes provide an in vitro platform to investigate the effects of electromechanical stimulation on nerve cell behaviors and can be potentially used for nerve regeneration in the future.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrical and Electromechanical Stimulation on PC12 Cell Proliferation and Axon Outgrowth

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…In addition to the abovementioned techniques, micropillar-based devices and TFM-based techniques have been utilized. In micropillar-based techniques, different grades (e.g., sparse and dense zones) of micropillarcoated substrates have been developed [77], in which cells in the sparse zone are more aligned along the direction of the micropillar spacing gradient. In another study, a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymeric micropillar array with an appropriate dimension was used to study the changes in the shape of mesenchymal stem cells over time [78].…”

Section: Biophysical Assessment Of Cell Mechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cellular traction forces in deciphering nuclear mechanics

et al. 2022

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Cellular forces exerted on the extracellular matrix (ECM) during adhesion and migration under physiological and pathological conditions regulate not only the overall cell morphology but also nuclear deformation. Nuclear deformation can alter gene expression, integrity of the nuclear envelope, nucleus-cytoskeletal connection, chromatin architecture, and, in some cases, DNA damage responses. Although nuclear deformation is caused by the transfer of forces from the ECM to the nucleus, the role of intracellular organelles in force transfer remains unclear and a challenging area of study. To elucidate nuclear mechanics, various factors such as appropriate biomaterial properties, processing route, cellular force measurement technique, and micromanipulation of nuclear forces must be understood. In the initial phase of this review, we focused on various engineered biomaterials (natural and synthetic extracellular matrices) and their manufacturing routes along with the properties required to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed the principle of tools used to measure the cellular traction force generated during cell adhesion and migration, followed by recently developed techniques to gauge nuclear mechanics. In the last phase of this review, we outlined the principle of traction force microscopy (TFM), challenges in the remodeling of traction forces, microbead displacement tracking algorithm, data transformation from bead movement, and extension of 2-dimensional TFM to multiscale TFM.

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“…Interestingly, some cells not adhered to the machined lines were noted to be parallel. The exact mechanisms behind this cell alignment, such as cytoskeletal organization and interaction with other cells, has been observed as a response to various topographical cues [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. At a wound interface, cells have a migratory phenotype switched on rather than a proliferative (division) phenotype and these cells influence the adjacent cells, sending signals to migrate to the wound space.…”

Section: Capability Of the Deep Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%