Guest−Host Cooperativity in Organic Materials Greatly Enhances the Nonlinear Optical Response

Pereverzev, Yuriy V.; Gunnerson, Kim N.; Prezhdo, Oleg V.; Sullivan, Philip A.; Liao, Yi; Olbricht, Benjamin C.; Akelaitis, Andrew J. P.; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.; Dalton, Larry R.

doi:10.1021/jp077194q

Cited by 124 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Note that a significantl larger poling efficien y is observed in the bulk BCOG (2.85 nm 2 /V 2 ), but also here, low in-device poling efficien y is compensated by the fact that higher poling field can be applied in the slot waveguide as compared to the bulk material. The observed increase in poling efficien y of the BCOG as compared to the neat PSLD41 and to YLD124 in PMMA is in good agreement with results obtained in bulk material, where the binary chromophore system YLD124/PSLD41 was found to have an r 33 coefficien (285 pm/V) that exceeds even the sum of the r 33 coefficient of its constituents [30].…”

Section: Binary Chromophore Organic Glasssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Here we expand on these finding by investigating two different material systems: A neat material that consists of the multi-chromophore dendritic molecule PSLD41 [29], and a mixture of the chromophores YLD124 and PSLD41 (25:75 wt.%), also referred to as binary chromophore organic glass (BCOG) [30]. These materials are compared to a conventional guest-host material consisting of YLD124 (25 wt.%) in a PMMA matrix [17].…”

Section: Organic Electro-optic Materials and Polingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the EO activity of a BCOG is greater than the sum of its individual components [30]. Formation of a stable YLD124/PSLD41-complex during poling was offered as an explanation for this remarkable phenomenon [30].…”

Section: Organic Electro-optic Materials and Polingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Palmer

Koeber

Elder

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

137

133

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Abstract-We report on the hybrid integration of silicon-oninsulator slot waveguides with organic electro-optic materials. We investigate and compare a polymer composite, a dendron-based material, and a binary-chromophore organic glass (BCOG). A record-high in-device electro-optic coefficient of 230 pm/V is found for the BCOG approach resulting in silicon-organic hybrid MachZehnder modulators that feature low U π L-products of down to 0.52 Vmm and support data rates of up to 40 Gbit/s.

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Section: Binary Chromophore Organic Glasssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Organic Electro-optic Materials and Polingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Palmer

Koeber

Elder

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

137

133

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“…As a consequence, the energy consumption increases considerably, e. g., to 640 fJ/bit measured in a 16QAM modulation experiment at a symbol rate of 28 GBd and a BER of 1.2 × 10 −3 [20]. In this paper we show that a novel class of organic cladding materials [21,22] can dramatically improve the performance and simultaneously decrease the power consumption of SOH IQ modulators. Using conventional slot waveguides, our devices feature voltage-length products of only U π L = 0.53 Vmm -a factor of 20 smaller than that of current all-silicon modulators, and only slightly larger than those of slow-light devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The group refractive index mismatch is n opt -n RF = 0.4 and thus the walk-off is so small that it does not significantly influence the bandwidth at a device length of 1.5 mm. For the EO material, we use a mixture of the multi-chromophore dendritic molecule PSLD41 (75 wt.-%) and the chromophore YLD124 (25 wt.-%) [21,22]. This binarychromophore organic glass (BCOG) has a refractive index of n = 1.73 and shows in bulk material an r 33 coefficient of 285 pm/V [21].…”

Section: Silicon-organic Hybrid (Soh) Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators for advanced modulation formats

et al. 2014

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Abstract:We demonstrate silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) electro-optic modulators that enable quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) with high signal quality and record-low energy consumption. SOH integration combines highly efficient electro-optic organic materials with conventional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) slot waveguides, and allows to overcome the intrinsic limitations of silicon as an optical integration platform. We demonstrate QPSK and 16QAM signaling at symbol rates of 28 GBd with peak-to-peak drive voltages of 0.6 V pp . For the 16QAM experiment at 112 Gbit/s, we measure a bit error ratio of 5.1 × 10 ˗5 and a record-low energy consumption of only 19 fJ/bit. Shastri, "112Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission over 2427km SSMF using small-size silicon photonic IQ modulator and low-power CMOS driver," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2013 (OSA, 2013 Freude, C. Koos, and J. Leuthold, "Low-loss silicon strip-to-slot mode converters," IEEE Photon. J. 5(1), 2200409 (2013). 32. F. Derr, "Coherent optical QPSK intradyne system: concept and digital receiver realization," J. LightwaveTechnol. 10(9), 1290-1296 (1992 Huebner, C. Koos, J. Becker, W. Freude, and J. Leuthold, "Error vector magnitude as a performance measure for advanced modulation formats," IEEE Photon.

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High‐Generation Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Dendrimers: Convenient Synthesis by Click Chemistry and the Increasing Trend of NLO Effects

Li¹,

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Angewandte Chemie

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Dendrimers are defect-free and perfect monodisperse macromolecules with a regular and highly three-dimensional branched structure, which can bring out many special properties: nanometer size, globular shape, multivalent character, and modularity of the assembly. These characteristics make them competitive candidates for applications in a variety of fields including catalysis, biology, and materials science. [1][2][3] Generally, highly branched dendrimers could be constructed through a divergent (a growing pattern from a multivalent core) or convergent (a dendron is grafted on to the core) synthetic strategy. [1] However, the tedious multistep synthetic protocols often make the preparation of dendrimers relatively costly and involve some difficulties, such as the incomplete reaction of the end groups in the divergent approach (leading to the structural defects) and steric hindrance between the reactive segments and core molecule (hampering the formation of high generations) in the convergent strategy. [2b] Versatile methodologies to address these issues have now rendered the synthesis of dendrimers more precise and economical. [2c] As typical examples, through the combination of the divergent and convergent approaches (a "doublestage" method), [4] proposed by FrØchet and co-workers, [4a] the synthetic efficiency could be raised rapidly; also, by the utilization of the powerful Cu I -catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between azides and alkynes (the Sharpless "click" reaction), [5] many divergently built-up dendrimers were yielded after the pioneering work of FrØchet and coworkers. [6][7][8] However, there are currently very few reports of the use of "click chemistry" for both parts of a combined divergent and convergent approach.The development of organic second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is motivated by the promising of performance and cost improvements related to telecommunications, computing, embedded network sensing, terahertz wave generation and detection, and many other applications. [9,10] One major obstacle that hinders the rapid development of this field is efficient translation of the large b values of the organic chromophores into high macroscopic NLO activities of polymers, because of the strong dipole-dipole interactions among the chromophore moieties with donor-pacceptor structure in the polymeric system. This interaction makes the poling-induced noncentrosymmetric alignment of chromophore moieties (necessary for the materials to exhibit the NLO effect) a daunting task during the poling process under an electric field. [11] Fortunately, according to the experimental results and theoretical analysis of Jen, Dalton, and co-workers, the dendritic structure, present in dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, and dendronized polymers (in which some isolation groups were bonded to the chromophore moieties to decrease the interactions and increase the poling efficiency by applying the site isolation principle), was considered a very promising molecular topology for the next generat...

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Guest−Host Cooperativity in Organic Materials Greatly Enhances the Nonlinear Optical Response

Cited by 124 publications

References 32 publications

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Low-power silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators for advanced modulation formats

High‐Generation Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Dendrimers: Convenient Synthesis by Click Chemistry and the Increasing Trend of NLO Effects

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