Growth, secondary metabolite production, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. callus under dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] treatment

Abstract

Malaria is still a global health problem. Plasmodium is a single-cell protozoan parasite that causes malaria and is transmitted to humans through the female Anopheles mosquito. The previous study showed that Sonchus arvensis L. callus has antiplasmodial activity. Several treatments are needed for callus quality improvement for antimalarial compound production. This study aimed to examine the effect of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] on growth (morpho-anatomical structure and biomass), secondary metabolite production, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of S. arvensis L. callus. In this study, leaf explants were grown in Murashige and Skoog medium with a combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, one mg/L) and 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP, 0.5 mg/L) with dolomite (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L). The 21 days callus ethanolic and methanolic extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The antiplasmodial test was performed on a blood culture infected with Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 using the Rieckmann method. The results showed that dolomite significantly affected callus growth, metabolite profile, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Dolomite (150 mg/L) showed the highest biomass (0.590 ± 0.136 g fresh weight and 0.074 ± 0.008 g dry weight). GC-MS analysis detected four compounds from callus ethanolic extract. Pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid were major compounds. One new terpenoid compound is based on TLC analysis. S. arvensis L. callus has antiplasmodial activity with the IC50 value of 5.037 μg/mL. It was three times lower than leaf methanolic extract and five times lower than leaf ethanolic extract.

Some medicinally important plants with there uses from Yamuna River, Agra Uttar Pradesh (India)

“…Asteraceae Sow thistle Flavonoids, coumarin, taraxasterol, phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, and terpenoids are detected in this plant (Wahyuni, et al, 2021) [82] .…”

“…Antioxidant, uric acid-lowering, antiinflammatory, immuno modulatory and antibacterial activity. In addition, callus has antimalarial activity (Wahyuni, et al, 2021) [82] .…”

Advances in Plant Metabolomics and Its Applications in Stress and Single-Cell Biology

“…The CZE-MS has shown utility in separating and identifying novel bioactive metabolites from plant cell cultures [205]. In another study, Wahyuni et al detected four metabolites with antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal properties, namely, pelargonic acid, decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and a new terpenoid by GC-MS and thin-layer chromatography of callus cultures of Sonchus arvensis [206]. Please refer to Table 2, for the comprehensive list of single-cell metabolomics studies in protists and plants and the advancements in the single-cell and spatial metabolomics methods.…”

Evaluation of the antiplasmodial activities of methanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata (burm. f.): An in vitro and in vivo study

“…Plasmodium berghei collected from malarial positive mice were cultured using the method of Trager and Jensen [21]; Wahyuni et al [22]. Briefly, the parasites were cultured in 7 ml Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium with 5% serum, 10% haematocrit, hypoxanthine, and gentamicin (complete medium) in 75 ml flasks.…”