Growth performance, tissue composition, and gene expression responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed varying levels of different lipid sources

Hixson, Stefanie M.; Parrish, Christopher C.; Xue, Xi; Wells, J. K.; Collins, Stephanie A.; Anderson, D. M.; Rise, Matthew L.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.04.011

Cited by 60 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This is contrary to a study by Hixson et al. (). In their study, there was a clear separation of n‐6 and n‐3 FA with all FA metabolism and biosynthesis genes, whilst n‐6 FA was separated from n‐3 FA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…Aranda and Pascual () and Hixson et al. () documented reduced expression of LXR as dietary 20:4n‐6 reduced. Our present results therefore support this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In an interesting manner, reduction in dietary 20:4n-6 resulted in reduction in liver LXR mRNA expression and signifies reduced catabolism of cholesterol. Aranda and Pascual (2001) and Hixson et al (2017) documented reduced expression of LXR as dietary 20:4n-6 reduced. Our present results therefore support this phenomenon.…”

Section: Ta B L E 7 Significant Correlations Among Gene Expression Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replacing fish oil with palm oil: Effects onmRNAexpression of fatty acid transport genes and signalling factors related to lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

et al. 2018

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This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) on enzyme activities and mRNA expression of lipid transport genes and signalling factors in juvenile Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia (9.34 ± 0.14 g) was fed five experimental diets with FO supplemented with PO at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Liver was sampled from five fish per tank for analysis of fatty acids, enzyme activities and mRNA expression. Glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was highly expressed in groups fed higher levels of dietary PO, whilst liver X receptor (LXR) was highly expressed in groups fed lower levels of dietary PO. Groups fed 50% PO, 75% PO and 100% PO had significantly higher levels of G6PD mRNA expression whilst group fed 100% PO had significantly higher level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression. Groups fed 75% PO and 100% PO recorded higher levels of PPAR‐α mRNA expression whilst higher level of malic enzyme mRNA expression was observed in group fed 75% PO. The mRNA expressions of the above stated genes and enzymes activities are predominantly influenced by dietary n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA levels. Dietary PO inclusion affected enzyme activities of LXR, PPAR‐α,PPAR‐β, LPL and FABP‐3. Activities of PPAR‐α, PPAR‐β and FABP‐3 were increased by PO inclusion whilst LXR and ELOVL 5 were reduced by PO inclusion. In conclusion, it could be inferred that substituting FO with PO could alter the metabolism pathway of genes such as LXR, G6PD, PPAR‐α, LPL and ME that are involved in the transport of fatty acids.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…Aranda and Pascual () and Hixson et al. () documented reduced expression of LXR as dietary 20:4n‐6 reduced. Our present results therefore support this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ta B L E 7 Significant Correlations Among Gene Expression Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replacing fish oil with palm oil: Effects onmRNAexpression of fatty acid transport genes and signalling factors related to lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

et al. 2018

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“…Similar to other studies (e.g. [13], [36], [28], [9], [38], [39]), the concentration of long chain MUFAs (20:1ω9 and 22:1ω11(13)) in the muscle tissues were highest for fish fed marine based diets. However, unlike the previous studies in which the replacement of marine based ingredients generally resulted in lower levels of long chain MUFAs, the use of other diets led to as high levels of 20:1ω9 and 22:1ω11(13) in muscle as when marine based diets were fed (Table 6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition

Foroutani

Parrish

Wells

et al. 2018

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(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. the diet with the lowest fish meal and fish oil content resulted in the lowest weight gain 28 and final weight, followed by the diet containing the highest level of animal by-products. 29The lipid class analysis showed no statistical difference in the muscle total lipid content 30 using different diets. However, significant statistical differences were observed among the 31 main lipid classes; triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. The diet containing 1.4% 32 omega-3 long-chain fatty acids resulted in the highest content of triacylglycerols and 33 phospholipids. Diets containing medium and low levels of fish oil and fish meal, 34 respectively, led to as high a level of ω3 fatty acids in muscle as when fish were fed diets 35 with high levels of fish meal and fish oil. The results of this study suggest that feeding a 36 diet containing low levels of fish meal and moderate levels of fish oil does not significantly 37 affect ω3 fatty acid composition in muscle. Fish meal could be reduced to 5% without 38 affecting growth as long as there was a minimum of 5% fish oil, and animal by-products 39 did not exceed 26% of the diet.

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“…The n‐3 fatty acid, ALA, is different from those that are uniquely present in FO, but it is the precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3; Wang et al, ) which are prevalent fatty acids in FO. The use of camelina oil in aquafeeds has been studied extensively (e.g., Bell et al ; Hixson et al, ; Hixson et al ; Xue et al, ) and was recently approved for use in diets for Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout (in up to 140 g/kg) by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, ; Genome Atlantic, ). The large amount of remaining meal by‐product after the oil extraction, or high‐oil residue meal (HORM), can also be used in animal feed (Waraich et al, ) and is currently approved in broiler chicken (120 g/kg) and laying hens (100 g/kg) in Canada, and in cattle feed in the United States (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐oil residue camelina meal, a viable source of protein at low levels in diets for juvenile salmonids

et al. 2019

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The oilseed Camelina sativa has been studied as a lipid source for farmed salmonids, but recommended inclusion as a protein source has not been determined. This study evaluated low inclusion of camelina high‐oil residue meal (HORM) at 20, 40 and 60 g/kg of the diet, to determine an adequate level for Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Salmon and trout were fed experimental diets containing up to 60 g/kg HORM for 16 weeks. At 40 g/kg HORM, trout and salmon growth performance were similar to those fed a control diet. However, at 60 g/kg HORM, trout showed lower final weight, weight gain and feed intake than those fed the control diet. Rainbow trout fed 40 and 60 g/kg HORM showed significantly lower whole body ash (p = .005), slightly lower whole body protein levels and higher fat than the control. In salmon fed 60 g/kg HORM diets, whole body ash (p = .024), and the submucosal layer of the intestine was thicker than the control (p = .007). Current results indicate that up to 40 g/kg HORM can be included in diets for rainbow trout and salmon juveniles.

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Growth performance, tissue composition, and gene expression responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed varying levels of different lipid sources

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Replacing fish oil with palm oil: Effects onmRNAexpression of fatty acid transport genes and signalling factors related to lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Replacing fish oil with palm oil: Effects onmRNAexpression of fatty acid transport genes and signalling factors related to lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition

High‐oil residue camelina meal, a viable source of protein at low levels in diets for juvenile salmonids

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