Minimizing marine ingredients in diets of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Effects on growth performance and muscle lipid and fatty acid composition

Abstract

(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. the diet with the lowest fish meal and fish oil content resulted in the lowest weight gain 28 and final weight, followed by the diet containing the highest level of animal by-products. 29The lipid class analysis showed no statistical difference in the muscle total lipid content 30 using different diets. However, significant statistical differences were observed among the 31 main lipid classes; triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. The diet containing 1.4% 32 omega-3 long-chain fatty acids resulted in the highest content of triacylglycerols and 33 phospholipids. Diets containing medium and low levels of fish oil and fish meal, 34 respectively, led to as high a level of ω3 fatty acids in muscle as when fish were fed diets 35 with high levels of fish meal and fish oil. The results of this study suggest that feeding a 36 diet containing low levels of fish meal and moderate levels of fish oil does not significantly 37 affect ω3 fatty acid composition in muscle. Fish meal could be reduced to 5% without 38 affecting growth as long as there was a minimum of 5% fish oil, and animal by-products 39 did not exceed 26% of the diet.

Environmental indicators in salmon aquaculture research: A systematic review

“…Many of the ‘nation or greater’ indicators within resource use, climate change, and habitat modification groups were related to the impacts of feed production 49‐51,102,106 . Energy, area, and water use were represented amongst the effects of feed production; however, the use of marine proteins and lipids was notably missing despite the value of this commodity and significant efforts to reduce the use of marine fish meal and fish oil in aquaculture feed 107‐110 …”

SalmoSim: the development of a three-compartment in vitro simulator of the Atlantic Salmon GI tract and associated microbial communities

“…To address these issues, farmed salmon feed composition has changed considerably during the relatively short history of intensive salmon farming, for example in Norway, reducing the ratio of the marine origin components within salmon feed from around 90% in 1990 to 30% in 2013 [5]. However, there is evidence that non-marine dietary ingredients can result poor sh growth, altered gut health alongside a modi ed sh gut microbial community composition and activity [6][7][8]. For instance, Atlantic salmon feed supplementation with dietary soybean protein concentrate can induce intestinal disorder [9].…”