Growth performance, organ weight, fecal scores, plasma, and ceca digesta microbial metabolites in growing pigs fed spent biomass of Pichia kudriavzevii

Abstract

Growth performance, liver and spleen weight, plasma, and ceca digesta metabolites and incidences of diarrhea were investigated in growing pigs fed spent biomass of Pichia kudriavzevii (PK). Ninety-six barrows (~25 kg, 4 pigs/pen) were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets (n=6) for 7 weeks. The diets were control, corn and soybean meal-based diet or control plus 2.5, 3.75 or 5.0% PK. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and iso nitrogenous. Feed intake and body weight (BW) were recorded weekly for calculation of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Fecal scores were taken 3 days/week to assess incidence and severity of diarrhea. One pig/pen close to pen average was sacrificed on d 7 and 49 to collect plasma for plasma urea N and creatinine, spleen and liver weight, and ileal and caecum digesta samples for concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The concentration of crude protein, crude fat and non-fiber carbohydrates in PK biomass were 36.4, 9.6 and 50.8% DM, respectively. Inclusion of PK tended (P=0.06) to linearly reduce ADG from d 8 through d 49 resulting in a trend (P=0.06) for linear reduction in final BW. The final BW was 79.0, 79.2, 76.8 and 75.5 kg for the 0, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0%PK, respectively. Diets had no effect (P>0.10) on ADFI, G:F, spleen and liver weight throughout the entire experiment. On d 7, there was cubic (P=0.03) decrease and quadratic (P=0.02) increase in plasma concentration of creatinine and urea N, respectively. However, there were no (P>0.10) diet effects on plasma metabolites on d 49. There was a tendency (P=0.08) for linear increase in caecum digesta concentration of acetic acid. There were no diet effects (P>0.10) on fecal score in the first 4 weeks of feeding. In conclusions, feeding PK yeast tended to depress growth and stimulate caecum fermentation higher dose and had no detrimental effects on organ weights or plasma metabolites in growing pigs.

Egg production, egg quality, organ weight, bone ash, and plasma metabolites in 30-week-old Lohmann LSL lite hens fed corn and soybean meal-based diets supplemented with enzymatically treated yeast

“…Since a positive relationship exists between excess calcium and uric acid formation ( Jarrar et al, 1996 ), the increased blood calcium levels with ETY were likely responsible for the corresponding increase in uric acid levels. In addition, uric acid can also become elevated due to dietary nucleic acids, which indicates a toxicological effect ( Kiarie et al., 2020 ). Interestingly, there has been a proven relationship in poultry with higher CP levels decreasing the blood uric acid levels linearly, which was not the case in this trial ( Kuritza et al, 2022 ).…”

Efficacy of enhanced Escherichia coli phytase on growth performance, bone quality, nutrient digestibility, and metabolism in nursery pigs fed corn-soybean meal diet low in calcium and digestible phosphorous

“…The samples were placed on ice, transported to the laboratory, and immediately centrifuged at 2,000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C to recover plasma, which was immediately stored at −20 °C until used for analyses. Pig was sedated with a premix of 0.2 mL/kg BW (1 mL containing: Ketamine [50 mg], butorphanol [1 mg], and xylazine [10 mg]) via intramuscular injection followed by intravenous injection of Pentobarbital (Euthansol) at 68 mg/kg BW ( Kiarie et al, 2020 ). The spleen and liver were removed, blotted dry with paper towels, weighed, and discarded.…”

Comparative efficacy of commercially available deoxynivalenol detoxifying feed additives on growth performance, total tract digestibility of components, and physiological responses in nursery pigs fed diets formulated with naturally contaminated corn1

“…The samples were immediately centrifuged at 2,000 × g for 10 min at 4°C to recover plasma, which was immediately stored at −20°C until used for analyses. Pig was sedated with a premix of 0.2 mL/kg BW (1 mL contained: Ketamine [50 mg], butorphanol [1 mg], and xylazine [10 mg]) via intramuscular injection followed by intravenous injection of Pentobarbital (Euthansol) at 68 mg/kg BW ( Kiarie et al, 2020 ). The spleen and liver were removed, blotted dry with paper towels, weighed, and discarded.…”