Growth of the human metatarsal bones in the fetal period (13–24 weeks postconception): a quantitative study

Vasconcellos, Henrique Ayres de; Prates, José Carlos; Moraes, L G B; Rodriques, H C

doi:10.1007/bf01794757

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Different techniques have been employed, such as the direct measurement of long bones (Kelemen et al 1984), after clearing and staining (Mall 1906;Moss et al 1955;Dingerkus and Uhler 1977;Kimmel and Trammel 1981 ;Kelly and Bryden 1983), by SEM (Chiarasini et al 1992), as well as by radiographic (Bagnall et al 1982;Vasconcellos et al 1992) and ultrasonic (Seeds and Cefalo 1982) methods. In vivo measurements by radiological or ultrasound techniques have been used to evaluate both whole long bones (total length, TL) and their ossified parts (ossified length, OL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth of long bones in human embryological and fetal upper limbs and its relationship to other developmental patterns

et al. 1994

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Measurements were made of the long bones of the upper limbs (humerus, ulna, radius) of 58 aborted embryos and fetuses, developmental age from 8 to 14 weeks, crown-rump length (CRL) between 38 and 116 mm. The specimens were cleared and double-stained, using alcian blue and alizarin red S for a differential detection of cartilage and bone. The values of both the total length (TL) and the ossified part (OL) of each long bone were related to the fetal developmental age previously estimated by freshly measured CRL. The relationship to another developmental pattern, i.e. the number of ossified centres in the vertebral column, suggested that the OL values could be much more significant than TL for the assessment of fetal growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth of long bones in human embryological and fetal upper limbs and its relationship to other developmental patterns

et al. 1994

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Scoring system for estimating age in the foot skeleton

Whitaker

Rousseau

Williams

et al. 2002

American J Phys Anthropol

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This study assesses chronological age of immature individuals from the degree of ossification evident in the foot skeleton. We considered all tarsal and ray bones in various combinations to determine the most sensitive indicators of chronological age. Skeletal maturity was rated according to a subjective but simple scoring system applied to radiographs of normal feet of children of known chronological age. Scales for assessing the primary center of ossification, secondary center of ossification, and state of fusion are defined. In general, as expected, females show earlier onset of skeletal maturity than males; in particular, females in our sample are skeletally mature in most elements beginning 48 months prior to the earliest incidence of skeletal maturity in males for the same bones. Females in our sample show a marked tendency toward skeletal maturity of all elements by 150 months of age, while males do not show the same tendency until approximately 200 months of age. In general within each sex, consecutive states of fusion show broad overlap in range of chronological age within each bone. Combining scores from several different bones enables a reasonable estimate of potential age in a test application of the model.

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