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The surgical, clinical and radiological importance of the diagonal artery in the human heart and the extreme variability in its description prompted us to undertake its study. The investigation was performed in 150 hearts, dissected after injection of colored substance in the coronary arteries. The following results were obtained: The left coronary artery presented 3 types of division: bifurcation (54.7%), trifurcation (38.7%) and quadrifurcation (6.7%); the latter 2 patterns produced a diagonal artery. The trunk of the left coronary artery bifurcated more frequently in hearts of female Caucasians (57.1%) and male Caucasians (54.9%). It trifurcated more frequently (60%) in hearts of female non-Caucasians. The ramus diagonalis was found in 45.3% of the hearts. The incidence of a ramus diagonalis did not differ significantly between male Caucasians (45%), male non-Caucasians (42.8%) and female Caucasians (37%). However, it occurred more frequently in female non-Caucasians (66.5%). The length of the ramus diagonalis varied from 20.1 to 50mm (79.3%) and its relative length varied from 21 to 50% of the length of the left ventricle (75.3%). The ramus diagonalis was classified as short, medium and long types, the former 2 types were most frequent.

In the carpal tunnel there are the flexor muscle tendons, their sheaths, and the median nerve. Because its walls are inflexible, any thickening of its components that reduce its area may compress the median nerve. There are many reasons for nerve compression, including persistence of the median artery into adult life. We dissected the arteries in the carpal tunnel of 102 hands of 51 adult cadavers of both sexes, age range 23-77 years, and injected latex into 42 hands. In the carpal tunnel we sought the median artery and the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. We found the median artery in 23 of 102 cases (23%), and its calibre ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 mm, mean (SD) 1.6 (0.5) mm. In 16 cases it made up part of the superficial palmar arch. The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery was partly responsible for the distal irrigation of the hand in 48 cases (47%); and in three hands (3%) it passed through the carpal tunnel. The external diameters of these vessels were 1.8, 1.9, and 1.8 mm, respectively. These arteries might cause compression of the median nerve and consequently the carpal tunnel syndrome.

The incidence of bridges of myocardium seen on the external surface of the heart, through the epicardium, over portions of coronary arteries and their branches, was studied in 50 cadavers and found to be 78%. The bridges of the myocardium varied in size and in number (from one to six). Their location was predominantly found at the level of the anterior ventricular branch of the left coronary artery also called left anterior descending artery (52%), whereas in the territory of the right coronary artery the highest percentage was at the level of the anterior ventricular branch (12%). This myocardio-arterial relationship might be responsible for periodic or permanent reduction of the lumen, partial or total arterial obliteration, ischemia, atherosclerosis, angina, and sudden death.

In a series of 61 adult cadavers, the posterior gastric artery was found in 38 (62.3%), originating from the superior aspect of the mid-third of the splenic artery. The posterior gastric artery, running behind the parietal peritoneum of the omental bursa, produced a peritoneal fold before reaching the posterior wall of the superior portion of the gastric body, near the cardiac region, and the fundus. Its high incidence, hidden origin, deep course, and distribution make this artery very important for surgical procedures relating to the stomach, pancreas, spleen, and celiac region. It may be crucial, especially if partial gastric resection of splenectomy have obliterated other gastric vessels.

RESUMEN:Se exponen las conclusiones y recomendaciones de los Simposios Ibero-latino-americanos realizados durante el año 2009. Se describen además los motivos de su creación y las dificultades en el empleo de la terminología morfológica internacional en las instituciones educativas de medicina y de otras áreas de la salud de esta región. Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de entrenarnos en el uso de un lenguaje científico específico común para toda la comunidad científica internacional.PALABRAS CLAVE: Simposio; Iberolatinoamericano; Terminología; Morfología. MISIÓNEstos Simposios obedecen a la necesidad de divulgar la terminología morfológica internacional, para que las instituciones educativas de medicina y de otras áreas de la salud, de habla hispana y portuguesa, la empleen cotidianamente. INTRODUCCIÓNLa comunicación en las ciencias de la salud requiere de una terminología clara y precisa. Sin embargo, en el ám-bito de las ciencias morfológicas (anatomía, histología y embriología) se mantienen diversas denominaciones para diferentes estructuras, basadas en analogías de formas, nombre de los maestros, sinónimos y epónimos.Aunque desde hace muchos años se viene trabajando -a nivel nacional e internacional-para lograr la unificación de los criterios terminológicos, en la práctica esto aún no se ha conseguido satisfactoriamente; pudiendo comprobarlo con la lectura de algunos libros y artículos científicos. En distintos textos aparecen diferentes términos para designar el mismo concepto o estructura o el mismo término se usa con diferentes acepciones ).Con el fin de superar estas imprecisiones y contradicciones resulta necesario divulgar la terminología morfológica internacional. OBJETIVOSEl objetivo de estos Simposios es divulgar y conocer en profundidad la terminología morfológica internacional. Por un lado, la Terminología Anatómica internacional que nació hace 114 años en Basilea y cuya última actualización se publicó en 1998. Por el otro, la Terminología Histológica internacional actualizada en el año 2008. y finalmente, la Terminología Embriológica, se discutió y aprobó el proyecto o propuesta, en el Congreso Internacional de Anatomía en Ciudad del Cabo, África del Sur, en agosto pasado. Estas terminologías son resultado de las reuniones de expertos que constituyen el FICAT.

We performed an anatomic study of the right atrioventricular valve in children under one year of age using a conservative method of dissection of the heart valve. The main aspects studied were the number of cusps and their morphometric characteristics, such as the width of the base and the depth of the cusps. Other parameters studied were the number of papillary muscles, number of tendinous cords, and diameter of the fibrous ring and the last one were divided in three regions, anterior, posterior and septal for localization of cusps. Our results showed that the number of cusps varied from two to four. Three cusps was the commonest finding and the fourth cusp, if present, was classified as anterolateral in location. The anterior and septal cusps had bases bigger than those of the posterior and anterolateral cusps; the septal cusp was deeper than the others; and the number of tendinous cords was greater for the anterior and septal cusps than for the posterior and anterolateral cusps. In addition, the posterior region showed great variability: in 35.7% it was occupied by undeveloped valve tissue and the posterior valve in these cases was located anteriorly.