In the carpal tunnel there are the flexor muscle tendons, their sheaths, and the median nerve. Because its walls are inflexible, any thickening of its components that reduce its area may compress the median nerve. There are many reasons for nerve compression, including persistence of the median artery into adult life. We dissected the arteries in the carpal tunnel of 102 hands of 51 adult cadavers of both sexes, age range 23-77 years, and injected latex into 42 hands. In the carpal tunnel we sought the median artery and the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. We found the median artery in 23 of 102 cases (23%), and its calibre ranged from 0.7 to 2.7 mm, mean (SD) 1.6 (0.5) mm. In 16 cases it made up part of the superficial palmar arch. The superficial palmar branch of the radial artery was partly responsible for the distal irrigation of the hand in 48 cases (47%); and in three hands (3%) it passed through the carpal tunnel. The external diameters of these vessels were 1.8, 1.9, and 1.8 mm, respectively. These arteries might cause compression of the median nerve and consequently the carpal tunnel syndrome.
IntroductionTeaching professionals have reported multiple conditions associated with low quality of life (QoL) perception. Various studies have also reported high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). In this context, there are few studies regarding the association between low QoL perception and MSD suffering in teachers.ObjectiveTherefore, in this study the aim was evaluate MSD prevalence and its association with teachers' QoL perception.Participants and MethodsA total sample of 544 Chilean teachers were included in a cross-sectional study. MSD prevalence was evaluated via the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and QoL perception via the Short-Form 36 Health Survey Instrument. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between MSD and QoL perception adjusted for gender and age.ResultsA total of 91% of teachers have had some MSD in the last 12 months, and 28.86% have had 6 or more painful regions. Females showed greater MSD prevalence than males. Teachers who reported no MSD had higher QoL scores compared to teachers with MSD. The group of teachers with the most MSD (≥p75) saw significant increases in the risk of having low scores in the physical (OR: 2.82) and mental components (OR: 2.65) of QoL. By contrast, teachers without MSD have a buffer effect for their QoL (physical OR: 0.2; mental OR: 0.44).ConclusionsHigh MSD prevalence suggest that preventive and informative actions must be taken regarding these disorders to protect teachers' mental and physical health, considering the multiple risk factors to which teachers are exposed given their work conditions in Chile and worldwide.
The origin, relationships and innervation of the abductor digiti minimi muscle were determined in 145 human feet, from formaldehyde-fixed cadavers. The muscle arises from both processes of the calcaneal tuberosity, from the plantar aponeurosis and from the septum which separates it from the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. The nerve to the abductor digiti minimi muscle arises next to the origin of the lateral plantar nerve, close to the abductor hallucis muscle, and descends becoming closely related to the medial face of the calcaneus and the deep face of the abductor hallucis muscle. Then, it passes inferiorly through the origin of the quadratus plantae muscle and later divides into two branches for the two heads of the muscle.
The integrity of the various structures within the feet depends on their blood supply. Lesions of the feet often require revascularization, which if successful avoids the need for amputation. To provide greater anatomical detail to aid vascular surgery and imaging, the anatomy and constitution of the deep plantar arch was studied in 50 adult cadaveric feet. The arteries of the foot were injected with red neoprene latex and dissected under magnification. The deep plantar arch, present in all feet, was the result of anastomosis between the deep plantar artery and the deep branch of the lateral plantar artery. The deep plantar artery was predominant in 72% of specimens (Type I arches) and the lateral plantar artery in 22% (Type II), with the contribution being equal in 6% (Type III). The medial plantar artery contributed to the medial segment of the deep plantar arch by its deep branch in 12% of specimens. The distance between the deep plantar arch and each interdigital commissure was generally constant, averaging 29% of total foot length. The deep plantar arch was located in the middle third of the foot in all specimens, being in the distal part of this third in 90%. The deep plantar arch is, therefore formed mainly by the deep plantar artery, a branch of the dorsal artery of foot; its location can be estimated if foot length is known.
The perforating branches that originate from the deep palmar arch of the hand have been studied to provide a complete anatomical description of these vessels and assess their importance in the blood collateral pathway of the hand. We injected latex into the arteries of 50 cadaveric hands of 25 adults, of both sexes, all of Brazilian origin. These were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope. The perforating branch of the second interosseous space originated from the deep palmar arch in 80% of the cases, and it corresponded to the radial artery passing through the second space in 16%; the one of the third interosseous space originated from the deep palmar arch in 76% of the cases and from the palmar metacarpal artery of the third interosseous space in 16%; the one of the fourth interosseous space originated from the deep palmar arch in half the cases, from the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery in 14%, and from the palmar metacarpal artery of this space in 18%. The perforating branch of the second space anastomosed with the second dorsal metacarpal artery (DMA) in 60% of the cases and formed it in 10%; the one of the third space anastomosed with the third DMA in 20% and formed it in 64%; the one of the fourth space anastomosed with the fourth DMA in 8% and formed it in 78%. These vessels are an important anastomotic pathway between the dorsal carpal network and the deep arteries of the hand and are important in the supply to the dorsum.
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