Conspectus
Liquid metal exhibits the unique advantages
of both the liquid
and metal, including excellent deformability, high thermal conductivity,
and electrical conductivity. The exploration of liquid metal is a
new opportunity and revolution for the application of metal materials,
including the flexible devices, catalysis, microfluidic, and drug
delivery. In addition to the above applications, the characteristics
of excellent inclusive ability with the majority of the elements and
abundant vacancies in the bulk make it a new type of reaction medium
different from traditional aqueous and organic solutions, exhibiting
great potential in the precise construction of materials. To date,
the research of using liquid metal as a reaction system to synthesize
materials is still in its infancy.
When acting as a reaction
system, the vacancies inside and the
smooth layering surfaces without grain boundaries allow liquid metals to encapsulate heterogeneous
atoms, confine the precursors in atomically thick layers and realize
the self-limiting growth of 2D material. Besides, the good rheological
property makes it possible to construct 2D arrays on its surface.
Except for the properties mentioned above, as a kind of metal, its
excellent electrical conductivity and ductility provide a new idea
for the preparation of composite materials in the energy field. Indeed,
liquid metals provide attractive prospects in manufacturing advanced
materials including 2D materials and functional composite materials.
Thus, this Account aims to focus on the controllable fabrication
of 2D materials and functional composite materials by liquid metals.
Based on the characteristics of the surface layering and solidification
and of excellent fluidity, the self-limited growth and ordered arrangement
of 2D materials on liquid metal surfaces can be achieved, which enriches
the material structures and leads to new properties. By constructing
an in situ synthesis and observation system, the growth and assembly
behavior of 2D materials on the liquid metal can be observed directly.
Combining the electrical property, deformability, ductility, and high
inclusive ability with other materials, the liquid metal reaction
system can also realize the preparation of new functional composite
materials toward various applications, such as the energy field. Except
for the 2D materials and functional composite materials mentioned
here, liquid metals also provide more possibilities for fabricating
other promising materials, like wafer-scale semiconductors, magic-angle
graphene, flexible functional materials, biomedical materials, and
so on. The research concerning the manufacturing of advanced materials
on liquid metals is still in its infancy. We believe that the development
of related technologies offering in-depth investigation and theoretical
understanding on liquid metals will lay a solid foundation for the
basic research and practical application of more advanced materials.