Growth hormone isoforms and segments/fragments: Molecular structure and laboratory measurement

Palo, Elio Franco De; Filippis, Vincenzo De; Gatti, Rosalba; Spinella, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.06.009

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There are five known human GH genes: normal GH (GH-N) gene originating from the pituitary, and four placenta originating GH gene variants (variant GH-GH-V and three chorionic somatotropins) (6). The GH-N is spliced into two forms: the 20-kDa isoform and the classic circulationabundant, 22-kDa isoform (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone and its receptor in human ovaries from fetuses and adults

Abir

Garor

Felz

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone and its receptor in human ovaries from fetuses and adults

Abir

Garor

Felz

et al. 2008

Fertility and Sterility

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“…The pituitary gland synthesizes different GH isoforms (9,12). GH at 22 kDa is considered the classic GH and is the most abundant isoform in the circulation of humans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overtrained horses alter their resting pulsatile growth hormone secretion

Graaf-Roelfsema

Veldhuis²,

Keizer³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The influence of intensified and reduced training on nocturnal growth hormone (GH) secretion and elimination dynamics was studied in young (1.5 yr) Standardbred geldings to detect potential markers indicative for early overtraining. Ten horses trained on a treadmill for 32 wk in age-, breed-, and gender-matched fixed pairs. Training was divided into four phases (4, 18, 6, and 4 wk, respectively): 1) habituation to high-speed treadmill trotting, 2) normal training, in which speed and duration of training sessions were gradually increased, 3) in this phase, the horses were divided into 2 groups: control (C) and intensified trained (IT) group. In IT, training intensity, duration, and frequency were further increased, whereas in control these remained unaltered, and 4) reduced training (RT). At the end of phases 2, 3, and 4, blood was sampled overnight every 5 min for 8 h for assessment of GH secretory dynamics using pulse detection, deconvolution analysis, and approximate entropy (ApEn). Intensified training induced overtraining (performance decreased by 19% compared with C), which was associated with an increase in concentration peaks number (3.6 vs. 2.0, respectively), a smaller peak secretion pattern with a prolonged half-life (15.2 vs. 7.3 min, respectively), and an increased ApEn (0.89 vs. 0.49, respectively). RT did not lead to full recovery for the overtrained horses. The increased irregularity of nocturnal GH pulsatility pattern is indicative of a loss of coordinated control of GH regulation. Longer phases of somatostatin withdrawal are hypothesized to be the underlying mechanism for the observed changes in GH pulsatility pattern.

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“…The best results were obtained using sorbent 0.2 mg/ml. Sorbent capacity allowed isolation of GH from serum, where its concentration varied from 0.1 to 3.0 mg/ml [3,8]. The eluate was concentrated in Amicon Ultra-4 centrifuge tubes (Milipore).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current methods for measurement of GH concentration ELISA and radioimmunoassay [3,4,10] have sensitivity of 0.05-0.10 ng/ml. However, there are still no methods allowing simultaneous detection of all major GH isoforms and their proportions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%