Growth and yield response of wheat and chickpea crops under high temperature

Abstract

Increasing temperature is likely to affect productivity of wheat and chickpea crop. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years with wheat and chickpea crop raised inside the temperature gradient tunnel (TGT). Results showed that high temperature reduced crop growth duration in both the crops. Days to 50 % flowering reduced by 4-5 days in wheat with 1.8-2.9°C increase in temperature. Photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and leaf area index reduced with the rise in temperature. High temperature inside the TGT caused reduction in both biomass and grain yield of wheat crop in both the years and the reductions in yield per degree temperature rise was 10.4-10.5 % in wheat crop. Number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, 1,000 seed weight was also affected with increased temperature. In case of chickpea crop, yield declined with the increase in temperature during the [2008][2009] year and the decline per degree temperature rise was 6.8 %. During the year 2007-2008, 1.7°C increase in temperature showed improvement in biomass and grain yield in chickpea. Low air temperature during the crop growth period in 2007-2008 could be responsible for increased growth of chickpea under high temperature. This suggests that rise in temperature in future climatic change scenario will adversely affect wheat and chickpea crop but the response will be crop and region specific depending upon the existing climate conditions.

Drought or/and Heat-Stress Effects on Seed Filling in Food Crops: Impacts on Functional Biochemistry, Seed Yields, and Nutritional Quality

“…The time of seed filling reduced in pea, soybean and white lupin, resulting in smaller grains ( Duthion and Pigeaire, 1991 ). Specifically, in cowpea, increasing the temperature from 15.5 to 26.6°C decreased seed-filling duration from 21 to 14 days ( Nielsen and Hall, 1985 ) and in chickpea, a 1.7°C increase in temperature reduced seed-filling duration, and accelerated maturity, which decreased seed yield ( Chakrabarti et al, 2013 ). The reduction in seed size was related to structural and functional reasons.…”

“…Though the impact of each of this stress, when applied singly on plants may differ, depending upon its intensity and duration, nevertheless, some common symptoms appear as overall reduction in vegetative biomass, reproductive growth and yield-traits. The effects of heat and drought stresses may differ, when applied singly; for example, heat stress during seed filling may accelerate or even suppress the seed filling process, and reduce the duration of filling to inhibit the accumulation of various reserves ( Prasad et al, 2008b ; Chakrabarti et al, 2013 ). Drought stress slowed down the seed filling process due to water limitations, but eventually resulted in inhibitory effects on seed size and numbers ( Pushpavalli et al, 2014 ; Sehgal et al, 2017 ).…”

Grain Growth of Wheat Under Prevailing Air Temperature

“…Temperature affects root and shoot growth, nutrient uptake, water absorption, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, translocation of photosynthate and other metabolic functions in the plant system (Ali and Sarker, 2016). High temperature affects phenology, growth and yield of wheat (Chakrabarti et al 2013). Different planting time and year to year temperature variation would affect the grain growth and grain yield of wheat.…”

Genotypic response for stomatal conductance due to terminal heat stress under late sown condition in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

“…It has been reported that heat stress is associated with premature leaf senescence in wheat (Harding et al 1990;Reynolds et al 1994). Chakrabarti et al (2013) observed decline in SC when wheat and chickpea were raised inside temperature gradient tunnel. In late sowing condition, low SC was recorded while the temperature was more than 30 o C during all the three stages of recording.…”