Stomatal conductance (SC) was evaluated for thirty-six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes sown during 2013-14 and 2014-15 under two dates of sowing. Steady state SC-1 leaf porometer was used to record SC on adaxial leaf surface at late boot (Z 49-50), early milk (Z 73) and late milk (Z 77) growth stages. In late sown conditions, the temperature was high (25.7 to 30.3°C) in boot stage itself and further increased during later stages (32 to 37.4°C). Under these conditions, the genotypes need to maintain an optimum range of stomatal conductance to maintain transpirational cooling without losing too much of water through transpiration. Heat susceptibility index ranged from 0.27 to 1.54 indicating levels of stress tolerance among the genotypes. Heat tolerant genotypes maintained relatively higher SC under heat stress over normal condition. Significant association between high SC with CT and grain yield was observed in all the three growth stages. The study was useful in detailed evaluation of SC and identification of genotypes with stable SC under heat stress. Genotypes KAUZ/AA//KAUZ, BERKUT and RAC 875, maintained high SC over the growth stages. Indian genotypes HD 2932, HD 2987, FLW-18, HW 2004 and RAJ 3765 were equally potential.
Aims: In this study, 634 accessions of proso millet were evaluated to assess phenotypic diversity using morpho-agronomic traits, aiming to identify specific donors for desired traits.
Study Design: Augmented design.
Place and Duration of Study: During the Kharif season of 2021, a total of 634 proso millet germplasm accessions were characterized, alongside three control varieties, as part of the Institute Project (IIMR/CI/2021-2026/150) at ICAR-IIMR in Hyderabad.
Methodology: The experimental design employed was an augmented block design, and four check varieties, namely GPUP 8, TNAU 145, TNAU 164, and TNAU 202, were included.
Results: The results revealed significant variation across all the traits studied. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first three principal components accounted for 60% of the total variation. PC1 accounted for 27.3% of the variation, followed by PC2 (22.6%) and PC3 (10%). PC1 was primarily influenced by Leaf blade length (cm), Peduncle length (cm), Panicle length (cm), Plant height (cm), and grain yield (g plant-1). Furthermore, the study identified 21 accessions with superior performance in multiple traits (3-6 traits).
Conclusion: These accessions can serve as valuable genetic resources for improving yield and quality traits. The selected multi-trait donors can be directly released for cultivation, serving as a short-term breeding goal. This approach has the potential to enable farmers to achieve high remuneration by harvesting increased yields.
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