Growth and nutrition of three species of opisthobranch molluscs

Carefoot, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(67)90459-8

Cited by 88 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Each feeding bout consisted of first starving the individual for 3 to 5 days, a period of time sufficient to allow the dorid to clear its digestive tract of inorganic materials from previous feedings. The dorid was then weighed (Carefoot 1967) and placed in a clean holding chamber in a shallow aquarium with filtered flowing seawater, several hours before food was made available. Either newly collected clumps of H. panicea or H. permollis or fresh M. incrustans or M. adhaerans encrusting one valve of the scallop Chlamys hastata herica or C. rubida were added to the chamber.…”

Section: Feeding Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialization and noncompetitive resource partitioning among sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs

Bloom

1981

Oecologia

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Habitat and food resource partitioning ecologically isolate six species of Pacific Northwest dorid nudibranchs. Food resources along a gradient of sponge skeletal structure are partitioned between two exploitive guilds. The guilds are characterized by mutually exclusive predatory and digestive adaptations which allow efficient processing of sponges with poorly- or well-organized skeletons. Habitats along a depth gradient are partitioned within guilds. For a dorid species, feeding rates, extraction efficiencies and food quality are virtually identical for sponges with the appropriate extreme (either poorly- or well-organized) and intermediate skeletal organizations, but growth and reproductive rates supported by the former prey type are twice those supported by the latter prey type. Prey types with the appropriate extreme skeletal organization are thus optimal food and specialization to that food is expected. When two divergent specialist species co-occur, food resource partitioning is demonstrable but arises from self-stabilizing specializations to maximize net energy accumulation and not from competitive interactions. Habitat partitioning is viewed as arising from prey distributions and dorid physiological tolerances. This system represents an example of morphological and behavioral specializations giving rise to resource partitioning as opposed to competition giving rise to resource partitioning and subsequent morphological and behavioral specializations.

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Section: Feeding Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialization and noncompetitive resource partitioning among sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs

Bloom

1981

Oecologia

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“…The marine gastropod Aplysia has been reported to show clear food preferences (Audesirk 1975;Carefoot 1967Carefoot , 1970Kupfermann andCarew 1974, Nagahama andShin 1998). In Aplysia californica, the responses of the cerebral neurons to chemical taste stimulation have also been explored (Chiel et al 1986;Fredman and Jahan-Parwar 1980;Jahan-Parwar 1972;Rosen et al 1991;Teyke et al 1990;Weiss et al 1978Weiss et al , 1986a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

Narusuye

Nagahama

2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Narusuye, Kenji, and Tatsumi Nagahama. Cerebral CBM1 neuron contributes to synaptic modulation appearing during rejection of seaweed in Aplysia kurodai. J Neurophysiol 88: 2778J Neurophysiol 88: -2795J Neurophysiol 88: , 2002 10.1152/jn.00757.2001. The Japanese species Aplysia kurodai feeds well on Ulva but rejects Gelidium with distinctive rhythmic patterned movements of the jaws and radula. We have previously shown that the patterned jaw movements during the rejection of Gelidium might be caused by long-lasting suppression of the monosynaptic transmission from the multiaction MA neurons to the jaw-closing (JC) motor neurons in the buccal ganglia and that the modulation might be directly produced by some cerebral neurons. In the present paper, we have identified a pair of catecholaminergic neurons (CBM1) in bilateral cerebral M clusters. The CBM1, probably equivalent to CBI-1 in A. californica, simultaneously produced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the MA and JC neurons. Firing of the CBM1 reduced the size of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the JC neuron, evoked by the MA spikes, for Ͼ100 s. Moreover, the application of dopamine mimicked the CBM1 modulatory effects and pretreatment with a D1 antagonist, SCH23390, blocked the modulatory effects induced by dopamine. It could also largely block the modulatory effects induced by the CBM1 firing. These results suggest that the CBM1 may directly modulate the synaptic transmission by releasing dopamine. Moreover, we explored the CBM1 spike activity induced by taste stimulation of the animal lips with seaweed extracts by the use of calcium imaging. The calciumsensitive dye, Calcium Green-1, was iontophoretically loaded into a cell body of the CBM1 using a microelectrode. Application of either Ulva or Gelidium extract to the lips increased the fluorescence intensity, but the Gelidium extract always induced a larger change in fluorescence compared with the Ulva extract, although the solution used induced the maximum spike responses of the CBM1 for each of the seaweed extracts. When the firing frequency of the CBM1 activity after taste stimulation was estimated, the Gelidium extract induced a spike activity of ϳ30 spikes/s while the Ulva extract induced an activity of ϳ20 spikes/s, consistent with the effective firing frequency (Ͼ25 spikes/s) for the synaptic modulation. These results suggest that the CBM1 may be one of the cerebral neurons contributing to the modulation of the basic feeding circuits for rejection induced by the taste of seaweeds such as Gelidium.

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“…Parasitic copepods on sponges have been reported many times from different parts of the North Atlantic (ARNDT 1933;SILEN 1963;STOCK 1970;LAUCKNER 1980). Nudibranchs have often been found to feed on sponges in the North Atlantic area (M'INTOSH 1863;ABELOOS & ABELOOS 1932;FORREST 1953;MILLER 1961;SWENNEN 1961;THOMPSON 1964;CAREFOOT 1967;BLOOM 1976;BARBOUR 1979;EYSTER & STANCYK 1981;JUST & TENDAL 1983;CATTANEO-VIETTI 1986), while there are few reports of other gastropod orders (QUINN 1981;HARASE-WYCH & al. 1988;WAREN & KLITGAARD 1991).…”

Section: The Sponges As Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fauna associated with outer shelf and upper slope sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) at the Faroe Islands, northeastern Atlantic

Klitgaard

1995

Sarsia

142

132

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At least 242 epi-and infauna species were found, of which 115 are reported as sponge associates for the first time in the North Atlantic. Sixty species, 19 genera and 1 family are recorded for the first time from the Faroes. Two hundred and twenty-five taxa were found as epifauna on the sponges, three taxa occurred as infauna and 14 taxa both as epi-and infauna.The morphology of the sponges influences the occurrence and composition of the represented fauna. Thus, the largest number of taxa were present on sponges having a spicule 'fur'. A number of species showed preference for the oscular cavities of S. ponderosus and the incurrent furrow of T. levis and T. valdiviae. Only one sponge predator, Hanleya nagelfar, was found. The majority of the associated fauna uses the sponges as a substratum. Three categories of direct effect of interactions between the sponges and the associated fauna are proposed. The results of the present investigation show that demosponges constitute a substratum for a large number of benthic taxa on the outer shelf and upper slope in the northeastern Atlantic, and that the scarcity of earlier reports is a result of insufficient investigation. It is suggested that the fauna associated with sponges in temperate to cold waters is facultative, representing the fauna of the local geographical area. This is in contrast to the large number of apparently obligate associates of Porifera in warm tropical waters.

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Growth and nutrition of three species of opisthobranch molluscs

Cited by 88 publications

References 47 publications

Specialization and noncompetitive resource partitioning among sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs

Specialization and noncompetitive resource partitioning among sponge-eating dorid nudibranchs

Cerebral CBm1 Neuron Contributes to Synaptic Modulation Appearing During Rejection of Seaweed inAplysia kurodai

The fauna associated with outer shelf and upper slope sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) at the Faroe Islands, northeastern Atlantic

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