Groundwater Impacts from the M5.8 Earthquake in Korea as Determined by Integrated Monitoring Systems

Lee, Soo-Hyoung; Lee, Jae Min; Yoon, Heesung; Kim, Yongcheol; Hwang, Soonwook; Ha, Kyoochul; Kim, Yong-Je

doi:10.1111/gwat.12993

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The second of these is the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake on the peninsula. Significant hydrological responses were reported (Kim et al 2019;Kaown et al 2020;Lee et al 2020) and we discussed in Chap. 8 the response of the groundwater temperature to this earthquake.…”

Section: Koreasupporting

confidence: 54%

Groundwater and Stream Composition

Wang

Manga

2021

Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences

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Changes of groundwater chemistry have long been observed. We review some studies of the earthquake-induced changes of groundwater and streamflow composition. When data are relatively abundant and the hydrogeology is relatively simple, the observed changes may provide valuable insight into earthquake-induced changes of hydrogeological processes. Progress in this aspect, however, has been slow not only because systematic measurements are scare but also because of the distribution of chemical sources and sinks in the crust are often complex and unknown. Most changes are consistent with the model of earthquake-enhanced groundwater transport through basin-wide or local enhanced permeability caused by earthquake-induced breaching of hydrologic barriers such as aquitards, connecting otherwise isolated aquifers or other fluid sources, leading to fluid source switching and/or mixing. Because the interpretation of earthquake-induced groundwater and stream compositions is often under-constrained, multi-disciplinary approaches may be needed to provide a better constrained interpretation of the observed changes.

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Section: Koreasupporting

confidence: 54%

Groundwater and Stream Composition

Wang

Manga

2021

Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences

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“…A Mw5.8 earthquake occurred on 12 September 2016 near the city of Gyeongju, SE South Korea, the largest event in Korea recorded by modern instrumentation. Following the earthquake, changes of groundwater level, temperature and electrical conductivity were documented in a well 241 km to the west of the epicenter near the western coast of Korea (Lee et al 2020). Temperature and electrical conductivity in this well were measured using an Eikelkamp diver (https://diver-water-level-log ger.com/diver-water-level-loggers/ctd-diver.html) with an accuracy of ±0.1°C and a resolution of ±0.01°C; the sensor was sampled every second and was lowered into the borehole at a speed of~20 cm/s (Kyoochui Ha, personal communication).…”

Section: Koreamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mixing model may be further supported by a recent study of the temperature change in a well after the 2016 Mw5.8 Gyeongju earthquake in Korea (Sect. 8.2.3;Lee et al 2020). As Fig.…”

Section: Turbulent Mixing Of Well Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the next section (Sect. 8.2), we review some recent studies of groundwater temperature responses to earthquakes, starting with the response to the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake across the Chinese continent (He and Singh 2020), followed by the response to the 2016 Mw7.0 Kumamoto earthquake in central Kyushu, Japan (Miyakoshi et al 2020), and ending with the response to the 2016 Mw5.8 Gyeongju earthquake in a well in SW South Korea (Lee et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important ambiguity in our understanding of earthquake-induced change of groundwater temperature originates from the uncertainty in the interpretation of the groundwater data. Most interpretations of such changes (e.g., He and Singh 2020;Miyakoshi et al 2020;Lee et al 2020) invoke the mechanism of enhanced permeability during earthquakes (e.g., Manga et al 2012). A less well known, but potentially common, occurrence is the turbulent mixing of water in wellbores (Shi et al 2007), which has become increasingly invoked in debates about the mechanisms of groundwater temperature change during earthquakes (e.g., Sections 8.2.3, 8.5.1, 8.5.2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Temperature

Wang

Manga

2021

Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences

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Changes of temperature in response to earthquakes have long been documented and, in the case where systematic patterns of change can be discerned, may reveal important hydrogeologic processes. Progress in our understanding of these processes, however, has been slow, largely because systematic measurements are relatively scarce. In this chapter we review some cases where earthquake-induced changes of groundwater temperature were documented and interpreted. More importantly, we show that most interpretations are under-constrained and accurate explanation of the measured changes is often difficult. In order to better constrain the interpretation, co-located measurement of groundwater flow from conductive fractures or formations intersecting the wells is needed to interpret temperature measurements. An often neglected mechanism is turbulent mixing of water in wells, which may occur frequently during earthquakes because the water column in a well at thermal equilibrium with the local geotherm is usually in a state of mechanical disequilibrium.

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Water Temperature Changes Related to Strong Earthquakes: The Case of the Jinjia Well, Southwest China

Yang

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

Water

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Systematic measurements of water temperature are lacking but useful in understanding the relationship between water temperature and earthquakes. Based on the water temperature data, geological structure, borehole structure, and temperature gradient in the Jinjia well, Southwest China, we systematically analysed the water temperature changes related to earthquakes. The water temperature of the Jinjia well recorded the coseismic changes caused by the Wenchuan M7.9 and Panzhihua M6.1 earthquakes in 2008. We also found abnormal changes in the water temperature, after which moderate to strong earthquakes occurred in the surrounding region. The preseismic abnormal changes of the Jinjia well were rising-recovery (rising to a high value and continuing for a period of time before decreasing or quickly recovering), with the range of 0.007–0.07 °C. The maximum change (0.07 °C) occurred before the M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. According to the Molchan error diagram, the most likely time for an earthquake to occur is within approximately 4 months after the water temperature exceeds the threshold temperature. In the Jinjia well, the installation depth of the temperature sensor affected the correlation between the temperature changes and earthquakes with a seismic energy density above 10−3 J·m−3. The shorter the distance between the sensor and the fault, the higher the probability of water temperature changes related to earthquakes.

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Groundwater Impacts from the M5.8 Earthquake in Korea as Determined by Integrated Monitoring Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Groundwater and Stream Composition

Groundwater and Stream Composition

Groundwater Temperature

Water Temperature Changes Related to Strong Earthquakes: The Case of the Jinjia Well, Southwest China

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