Groove electrodes: A new alternative of using carbon pastes in electroanalysis

Švancara, Ivan; Kotzian, Petr; Bartoš, Martin; Vytřas, Karel

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2005.04.017

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, CPEs give a wider choice in the geometry of the surface area (with various constructions of carbon paste holders [10,15,21]) and offer the possibility of specific modifications or control of electrochemical properties by judicious choice of the carbon paste composition (via selection of the two main constituents and of their ratio [13,14]). Finally, carbon paste is so far the only electrode material that has been reported to form three variants of bismuth electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Bismuth-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, the results of some recent investigations on two types of bismuth-modified carbon paste electrodes are presented. In the first study, the bismuth-film carbon paste electrode (BiF-CPE) operated in situ and employed in anodic stripping voltammetry of Cd(II) and Pb(II) at the low mg L À1 level was of interest in view of choosing the proper Bi(III)-to-Me(II) concentration ratios (where Me: Pb or Cd). Such optimization has resulted in significant improvement of detection limits down to 1.0 mg L À1 Cd and 0.8 mg L À1 for Pb, which allowed us to apply the BiF-CPE for analysis of selected real samples of tap and sea water. The BiF-CPE was also further investigated for its application in highly alkaline media. In this case, attention was focused on the complex-forming capabilities of the OH -ions and their effect on the anodic stripping characteristics of some heavy metals (i.e. Cd, Pb, Tl) as well as upon the formation of the bismuth film itself. The last example deals with the continuing characterization of the recently introduced carbon paste electrodes modified with bismuth powder (Bi-CPEs) which combine the advantageous properties of carbon paste material with the favorable electrochemical properties of bismuth. Three series of electrodes, differing either in the content of metallic bismuth (from 8 to 50% w/w) or in the type of the carbon powder used (two spectroscopic types of graphite and powdered glassy carbon), were compared and the respective relations to the optimal carbon paste composition evaluated. Attractive electroanalytical performance of the Bi-CPE in anodic stripping voltammetry is demonstrated for selected model mixtures of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, and In).

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Bismuth-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Completely new types of bismuth electrodes were also proposed based on heterogeneous mixtures of bismuth with another metal [51] or a carbon paste matrix with a fine bismuth powder admixed in [62,67,69]. Furthermore, various mini- [59] and microconfigurations [57,66] were also tested, including the first prototype of a three-electrode integrated cell [55] assembled and machined with the aid of screen-printing technology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, the decade of electroanalysis with bismuth-based electrodes is reviewed (with 222 refs.). Emphasis is put on the environmentally friendly ("green") character of bismuth electrodes, their versatility and variability in use, as well as the actual classification of the individual types of electrodes, sensors, and detectors that utilize the unique properties of metallic bismuth. Of particular interest is the genesis of the field, when the respective activities and achievements are monitored year by year over the whole period of 2000 -2009, including the circumstances of the introduction of bismuth-coated electrodes into electrochemical stripping analysis. The review highlights all the significant milestones and break-points that had directed the experimental work around the globe, outlining the present days position of this lively, inspiring, and still highly prospective area. Finally, it provides a special insight into electroanalysis with bismuth electrodes through numerous surveys, summaries, and detailed statistical data obtained by analyzing the accessible literature database.

show abstract

“…One of such criteria can be the size of electrode and, in this respect, carbon paste ultramicroelectrodes (CPUMEs) reported by Nyokong et al [142] are certainly exceptional, when the respective ensembles were tested in two configurations: as (i) CP-disc-shaped electrode (with overall diameter ∅ CP = 100-150 μm), and ® -machined body and of ordinary size (authors' own construction); (ii) prototype of a small CPE as the exchangeable working electrode for wall-jet HPLC detector; (iii 1+2 ) two carbon paste mini-electrodes of slightly different surface size (via cut tip); (iv 1+2 ) two assembled carbon paste groove electrodes; set-up for a detection unit in FIA-mode (right) and the electrically heated variant (left) connected to a thermometer (above). (For further specification, see original reports [141,[143][144][145][146]. )…”

Section: Some Innovations In the Construction Of Carbon Paste Electromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 depicts also carbon paste groove electrode (CP-GrE [145]) as another atypical construction of a CPE, copying planar design of SPEs [114]. The CP-GrE assembly comprises a miniature plastic prismatic bar with horizontal channel for carbon paste filling, metal contact, and additional plastic insert(s) defining the electrode surface via its mechanical coverage / exposure.…”

Section: Some Innovations In the Construction Of Carbon Paste Electromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A versatile character of carbon pastes enables that some differences listed under the latter can be minimised; for instance, by using small CP-GrEs [145][146][147] in planar configuration -see point (B). Or, oppositely, some antagonistic features can be advantageously utilised, which is the case of the following example: (i) a method is first developed and tested in laboratory, when using a CPE (or a set of CPEs) being prepared quickly and at minimal expenses; (ii) after the optimal procedure is being found, the same method can be examined with preliminarily made SPEs of analogical type (e.g., pre-treated in the same way or containing identical modifier); (iii) in this phase, some conditions may be yet readjusted, best under regime which simulates the real experimental conditions; and (iv) when the ultimate version of a methodical procedure is obtained, the large series of SPEs can be produced and then used up during the proper analytical work -e.g., in the field monitoring.…”

Section: Carbon Paste Electrodes Vs Screen-printed Electrodes (Spes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon paste electrodes in the new millennium

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this review (with 500 refs), both electrochemistry and electroanalysis with carbon paste-based electrodes, sensors, and detectors are of interest, when attention is focused on the research activities in the years of new millennium. Concerned are all important aspects of the field, from fundamental investigations with carbon paste as the electrode material, via laboratory examination of the first electrode prototypes, basic and advanced studies of various electrode processes and other phenomena, up to practical applications to the determination of inorganic ions, complexes, and molecules. The latter is presented in a series of extensive tables, offering a nearly complete survey of methods published within the period of [2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Finally, the latest trends and outstanding achievements are also outlined and future prospects given.© Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

show abstract

Groove electrodes: A new alternative of using carbon pastes in electroanalysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Recent Advances in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Bismuth-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Recent Advances in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry with Bismuth-Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

Carbon paste electrodes in the new millennium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About