Greenhouse Technology

Reddy, P. P.

doi:10.1007/978-981-287-952-3_2

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, glass has the highest heat protection (>90 percent) compared to plastic sheets and films [39,40]. Similarly, Reddy noted that heat retention in glasses was higher compared to other materials [18]. The benefits afforded by heat protection are offset by periodical variations in light transmissivity characteristics as the glass ages [18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary materials used in greenhouse cladding are glass, plastics (sheets and films), fiberglass reinforced plastics, biodegradable paper (synthesized from degraded coal or plant straw), shade cloth [36], polycarbonates, poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) [18,30,37]. Glass is preferred as a cladding material for greenhouses due to its high transmission of PAR and reflectance of NIR leading to diminished greenhouse energy balance.…”

Section: Types Of Greenhouse Covering Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Durability is traded off with flexibility and performance in the use of plastic films, which are made of polyvinylchloride (PVC), ethyl vinyl acetate, polyethylene [40]. However, the polymer sheets should be UV-stabilized to enhance the longevity of the structures by up to 3 years [18]. Polymer sheets that are not exposed to UV stabilization degrade within 3-5 months due to UV radiation damage and other multiple photochemical reactions.…”

Section: Glass Plastic Sheets and Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer sheets that are not exposed to UV stabilization degrade within 3-5 months due to UV radiation damage and other multiple photochemical reactions. In addition to UV-treatment and stabilization, the ecological sustainability of plastic films and sheets can be enhanced through the integration of bioplastics such as polycarbonates, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are synthesized from the fermentation of starch [18,37]. In particular, Shogren and co-researchers noted that the demand for bioplastics has been on the rise.…”

Section: Glass Plastic Sheets and Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, materials sing high PAR coefficients are unsuitable during summer due to the risk of overheating and d for alternative cooling such as evaporation cooling. andard greenhouse covering materials are glass [18], plastic sheets, and films, double or single , and the material characteristics of interest for greenhouse cladding are thermal efficiency tical properties because they determine radiation control, heat transfer, UV, soil [19], and IR ance or transmittance [20,21]. The values listed in Table 1 confirm the variations in energy and properties depending on the composition and cross-linking of the polymers; the least energy ittance was reported in VPVC-cladded greenhouse (τPAR = 30%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Sustainability of Greenhouse Covering Materials

Maraveas

2019

Sustainability

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The fundamental objective of the review article was to explore the ecological sustainability of greenhouse covering material based on the following themes; considerations for greenhouse materials, properties of polymers and glass, additives, fillers, stabilizers and reinforcements, performance, Ultraviolet (UV) transmittance, phase change materials (PCMs), and environmental sustainability. A comparison of various polymers (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, D-polymer, Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), polyolefins), and silica glasses illustrated that each type of greenhouse cladding material has its unique merits and limitations. The performance of silica glasses, PVC, polyolefins was influenced by weather, greenhouse design, plant under cultivation, percentage UV transmittance, incorporation of additives and stabilizers, reinforcements, and integration of photovoltaic panels into the greenhouse roof among other factors. Polymers can be customized to achieve 0%UV transmittance, slow-insecticide release, and anti-microbial properties. In contrast, glass materials are preferred based on suitable photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance and near-infrared (NIR) reflection and less risk of photo-oxidation. From an ecological perspective, polymers can be recycled via mechanical and chemical recycling, closed-loop cycling, and polymerization of bio-based feedstock. However, post-consumer plastic films do not possess the same optical and energy properties as virgin polymers. The combined benefits of different polymers suggest that these materials could be adopted on a large scale over the long-term.

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