Greenhouse gas footprints of palm oil production in Indonesia over space and time

Lam, Wan Yee; Kulak, Michal; Sim, Sarah; King, Henry; Huijbregts, Mark A. J.; Chaplin‐Kramer, Rebecca

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.377

Cited by 54 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…MJ −1 , suggesting that the traditional LCA underestimates GHG emissions by 14%. Our traditional LCA resulted in similar GHG emissions for palm oil biodiesel than previous analyses for Jambi 36 , but our enhanced LCA (business-as-usual) led to 20% higher GHG emissions, confirming that the C neutrality assumption does not reflect real ecosystem emissions. Both traditional and enhanced LCA point to no GHG emissions savings compared with fossil fuel (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The concept could further be adapted and applied for deriving LCA of other common palm-oil products, such as comestibles or cosmetics. In a next step, such enhanced, measurement-based results could also be combined with available spatial information on land-use at larger scales 36,59 , in order to years with a hypothetical, earlier-yielding oil palm variety (scenario C, dashed light blue). All scenarios for NEE are also given for second-rotation cycles (same colour codes as for first rotation cycles but with dotted lines).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Life cycle analyses (LCA) are a tool to quantify the climatic impacts of palm-oil-derived biofuels [32][33][34] . Previous LCA studies suggest that replacement of fossil fuel with biofuel can lead to contrasting GHG savings [32][33][34][35][36] . As such, GHG savings can be limited if biofuel production leads to substantial land-use change-related emissions 8,9,37 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

et al. 2020

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The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO 2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m −2 yr −1), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m −2 yr −1). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlieryielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

et al. 2020

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“…Oil palm plantation development is one of the major causes for this high rate of deforestation and peatland degradation (Dislich et al., 2017; Miettinen et al., 2016). Oil palm is the fastest expanding equatorial crop and the world's most consumed vegetable oil in the past decade (Lam et al., 2019; Tan et al., 2009). About 40% of the world's palm oil production comes from smallholder plantations (Azhar et al., 2017; Saadun et al., 2018), while small holder plantations also often follow more diverse cropping systems and management practices than industrial monocropping (Azhar et al., 2011; Dhandapani et al., 2019a, 2019b; Matysek et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient and trace element concentrations influence greenhouse gas emissions from Malaysian tropical peatlands

Dhandapani

Evers

Ritz

et al. 2020

Soil Use and Management

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Tropical peatlands are unique and globally important ecosystems for carbon storage that are generally considered nutrient poor. However, different nutrient and trace element concentrations in these complex ecosystems and their interactions with carbon emissions are largely unknown. The objective of this research was to explore the concentrations of macro‐ and micronutrients and othertrace elements in surface peats, and their relationship with greenhouse gas emissions in North Selangor peatlands subjected to different land use. All nutrient and trace element concentrations except chromium exhibited significant differences between sites. Most macronutrients and some micronutrients showed significant differences between seasons, typically with a reduction over time from wet to dry seasons, possibly due to leaching. CO2 emissions were positively related to organic matter content and manganese concentrations and negatively correlated with selenium. CH4 emissions were positively correlated with organic matter content, manganese, copper, barium, cobalt and aluminium, and negatively correlated with molybdenum, selenium, lithium and vanadium. This research has detected loss of essential nutrients over time, aiding to increase nutrient limitation in tropical peatlands due to drainage. The observed significant correlation between trace elements and greenhouse gas emissions strengthens the importance of including trace element analyses in understanding the biogeochemical functions of these understudied peatlands.

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“…It contributes significantly in the non-oil exports, providing employment opportunities, rural development in sustainable agriculture (Amiruddin, 2017). According to Lam et al (2019), products derived from this commodity are central in international trade, especially in the supply aspects, considering the fact that these derivatives are the most widely used oil products and also among the largest drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from  Received for publication April 9, 2020 Accepted after corrections April 18, 2020 global land use and land cover change. Currently, the level of production in oil palm plantations has not been fully maximized, therefore, the need for various actions to improve this productivity (Adileksana et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitiveness of Palm Oil Products in International Trade: An Analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia

Arsyad¹,

Amiruddin²,

Suharno³

et al. 2020

Caraka Tani J. Sustain. Agric.

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The supply of palm oil products is still a central issue in international trade. Indonesia and Malaysia are major suppliers, contributing around 85% of world palm oil. Hence, both countries have an important role, as well as competing with each other in international trade. The palm oil products usually in high demand worldwide include Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which is the main and its derivative products such as Refined Bleached Deodorized (RBD) palm olein and Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Therefore, the research aims at assessing the competitiveness of palm oil products between Indonesia and Malaysia in international trade. The Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and products mapping methods were used in this assessment. The results show that, the value of RCA of Indonesian CPO showed a negative trend, although, still higher than Malaysia, though with positive trend. However, Indonesian RBD palm olein and PFAD have a positive trend compared with Malaysia. Upon using the method of products mapping, it was found that, the palm oil products of both countries were in group A. This is an indication that the products have comparative advantage and export specialization. Therefore, there is need for strategic policies, in both countries, for supporting oil palm activities at the downstream. This will enhance the production of derivative products with the capacity of also meeting demands in the international trade.

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Greenhouse gas footprints of palm oil production in Indonesia over space and time

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel

Nutrient and trace element concentrations influence greenhouse gas emissions from Malaysian tropical peatlands

Competitiveness of Palm Oil Products in International Trade: An Analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia

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