This chapter compares issues identifi ed in the nanoethics fi eld in China and the EU, such as enhancement, health, environment, military usage, and privacy concerns, as well as the signifi cance of public perception of nanotechnology. The 'speculative' approach, in terms of which science fi ction novels' depiction of nanotechnology issues is used as a medium for debate on nanoethics, occupies the second half of this chapter.