Green Catalysts Activities of CaO Nanoparticles from Pinctada maxima Shell on Alcoholysis Reaction

Abstract

Pinctada maxima shells from West Nusa Tenggara has natural minerals called calcite that can be decomposed into CaO compounds as a green catalyst that heterogeneous, base and environmentally friendly. CaO compounds in the nanometer scale is one option as an alternative substitute or replacement of the use of homogeneous catalysts. The purpose of this study was to test the catalytic activity of CaO compound from the pearl shells (P. maxima) based on particle size. The catalytic activity test has been measured against the percentage of yield of methyl ester produced by alcoholysis reaction. Characterization of nano-CaO compounds has been done using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), while methyl esters has been analyzed using the ASTM method. CaO catalyst on the nanometer-scale have more effective catalytic activity than micrometer scale with the yield percentage of methyl ester obtained are 81,61% and 30,71%, respectively. The results of methyl ester characterization by ASTM method has shown that methyl ester has specification that are close to diesel oil, so it can be used as an alternative or substitution on diesel engine.

Characteristics of Calcium Oxide from Pearl Shells (Pinctada Maxima) based on Calcination Te

“…From the results of research on the processing of clam shells , p. maxima produces green catalysts that are alkaline, heterogeneous, and environmentally friendly. The CaO content obtained from this natural material reaches 98.05% [1], [4]. In addition, CaO has the ability as an adsorbent for Fe metal and is able to increase PH levels in water [4].…”

“…Whereas this shellfish waste can be decomposed as a producer of CaO compounds. The shell of Pinctada maxima has the chemical elements Cu (2.02%), C (8.12%), Na (0.54%), Ca (38.88%), O (50.42%), and Si (0.02%) [1]. In addition, in the shell, CaCO3, CaO, SiO2, CuO, and Na2O compounds were detected [1].…”

“…The shell of Pinctada maxima has the chemical elements Cu (2.02%), C (8.12%), Na (0.54%), Ca (38.88%), O (50.42%), and Si (0.02%) [1]. In addition, in the shell, CaCO3, CaO, SiO2, CuO, and Na2O compounds were detected [1]. CaO compounds were obtained from the content of CaCO3.…”

“…CaO compounds were obtained from the content of CaCO3. in the dominant shellsThis compound has many applications including as a source of green catalysts, as a raw material for making hydroxyapatite, as a material to increase the power of hydrogen (PH) in both water and soil, and many others [1]- [3]. From the results of research on the processing of clam shells , p. maxima produces green catalysts that are alkaline, heterogeneous, and environmentally friendly.…”

Karakteristik Sediaan Hidroksiapatit dari Cangkang Kerang Simping (Amusium pleuronectes) dengan Perlakuan Suhu dan Waktu Sintesis

“…Unsur Ca dan O hasil kalsinasi cangkang kerang simping berkisar 84,04-94,83% dan 3,76-10,62% dengan massa unsur C berkisar 1,36-5,18%. Wahyuningsih et al (2018) menyatakan kalsinasi cangkang kerang mutiara laut (Pinctada maxima) pada suhu 650°C selama 24 jam memiliki massa unsur Ca dan O sebanyak 70,08 dan 28,38%. Setelah proses kalsinasi, meningkatnya massa Ca menunjukkan tingginya jumlah senyawa CaO yang terbentuk karena unsur Ca terlepas dari ikatan senyawa CaCO 3 .…”