Pinctada maxima shells from West Nusa Tenggara has natural minerals called calcite that can be decomposed into CaO compounds as a green catalyst that heterogeneous, base and environmentally friendly. CaO compounds in the nanometer scale is one option as an alternative substitute or replacement of the use of homogeneous catalysts. The purpose of this study was to test the catalytic activity of CaO compound from the pearl shells (P. maxima) based on particle size. The catalytic activity test has been measured against the percentage of yield of methyl ester produced by alcoholysis reaction. Characterization of nano-CaO compounds has been done using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), while methyl esters has been analyzed using the ASTM method. CaO catalyst on the nanometer-scale have more effective catalytic activity than micrometer scale with the yield percentage of methyl ester obtained are 81,61% and 30,71%, respectively. The results of methyl ester characterization by ASTM method has shown that methyl ester has specification that are close to diesel oil, so it can be used as an alternative or substitution on diesel engine.
Strawberry (Fragaria sp cv Holibert) is a non-climakteric fruit which have high value with high consumer demand. Tropical environment conditions can deteriorate and decrease quality of their fruit. Objective of the research were to identify quality characteristics of fresh strawberry that storages in tropical environment with and without temperature controlled.Strawberry fruit were sampled from mountain area in Ketep, Magelang, Central Java. Several quality parameter were measured include physical parameter (fresh weight, weight loss, skin texture and color) and chemical parameter (water content, soluble solid content, vitamin C and titratable acidity). Then, fresh weight of strawberry were compared with IQS 8026-2014 using control chart. Storage conditions were tropical condition without controlled temperature and controlled temperature at 4 oC and 10 oC. Result shown that chemical parameters of fresh strawberry were optimum at 4 oC storage condition for water content and soluble solid content. Physical parameter of fresh starwberry were better conditions at controlled environment. The standard quality was confirmed with class 1 for weight averages >15-20 g/fruit for best fruit . Tropical conditions were deteriorate quality and shortage shelf life of the strawberry.
West Nusa Tenggara is a center of sea oyster farming for Pinctada maxima in Indonesia. The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) compounds in the shell are one of the decomposed natural minerals to produce calcium oxide (CaO) compound which is able to be used as an alternative heterogeneous catalyst in nanometer scale. This research aims to discover the control factors which influence the production process of nanometer-scaled CaO heterogeneous catalyst and choose the best condition in its production process with a better-quality product. Calcined pearl shell (P. maxima) powder is milled by using Shaker mill. The experimental design is performed by using Taguchi method with an orthogonal matrix consisting of 4 control factor variables, i.e. milling time, ball-to-powder weight ratio, the diameter of milling beads and extent of milling the vial. The selection of best control factor variable combination is computed by using multiresponse loss function. ANOVA analysis shows that the product quality parameter of nano-calcium oxide is influenced by all experiment factors. Multi-response loss function analysis results an optimum factor and level combination under process condition happens during the duration of 3 h milling, the ball-to-powder weight ratio is 1:10, the diameter of milling beads is 5 mm and 55% extent of filling the vial.
The number of people with autism increased 56% in 1998 – 2013, and it was a global problem. People with autism need special treatments and CFGF diet (casein free, gluten free) was one of those treatments. That’s why, the development The calcium content was expected to substitute the calcium from dairy consumption, which shouldn’t be consumed by people with autism. The method used in this product development was value engineering which separated in three steps: information, creativity, and analysis steps. Respectively, this research was also further completed with chemical The goal of this research was to design some product implemented in small scale industry. Respondends and panelist in this research were consisted of students and teachers. They acted as the market of the product, especially as a part of general society. This product were designed to provide CFGF snack for people with autism, and those who need CFGF diet. But this product was not limited to that market, it can be consumed by general society not only for people with autism, hence the students and teachers were used. The research showed that the best concept was a product produced with to get 200 grams of dough. This product concept was also designed to be packed in big size gusset packaging materials and the chips was triangle-shaped with size of feasible to be produced in small scale industry.Keywords: value engineering, casein-free gluten-free diet,autism ABSTRAKDengan jumlah penyandang autis yang terus meningkat, misalnya peningkatan sebesar 56% pada 1998 – 2013, maka produk tortila berkalsium potensial dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pangan untuk diet CFGF (, ) dan kandungan kalsiumnya bisa membantu menggantikan kalsium dari susu sapi yang mengandung kasein. Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang sejumlah konsep produk tortila berkalsium dan memilih satu konsep yang paling disukai Metode penelitian adalah yang terdiri dari tiga tahap: informasi, kreativitas dan analisa. Penelitian juga dilengkapi analisa lanjutan: analisa kimia guru, selaku masyarakat umum yang bisa mengonsumsi produk. Produk ini memang diawali dari adanya kebutuhan diet CFGF, namun konsumsi produk tetap bisa untuk umum sehingga produk bisa dikonsumsi semua kalangan, tidak terbatas hanya untuk penyandang autis yang perlu diet CFGF. Konsep terbaik yang diperoleh adalah tortila dengan komposisi bahan berupa rasio tepung jagung : tapioka sebesar 50:50 dan 3 g garam serta 7 g tepung tulang rawan ayampedaging, per 200 g adonan keripik. Konsep ini didesain dengan kemasan gusset ukuran besar, serta bentuk kepingan. Kata kunci: tortila, fortifikasi kalsium, value enineering, casein free gluten free diet, eautisme
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