Green analytical chemistry: Opportunities for pharmaceutical quality control

Eldin, Ahmed Badr; Ismaiel, Omnia A.; Hassan, Waffa; Shalaby, Abdalla

doi:10.1134/s1061934816090094

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The concept of green analytical chemistry (GAC) for organic pollutants (including pharmaceuticals) quality control is gaining popularity. ,− The main goal of GAC is to achieve more eco-friendly and sustainable analysis, replace toxic reagents, and modify or replace analytical methods and/or techniques with safer ones, making it possible to dramatically reduce the amounts of reagents consumed and waste generated . Miniaturization of analytical devices and shortening the time between analyses are important aspects of green analytical chemistry.…”

Section: Analytical Techniques For the Estimation Of Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods

et al. 2019

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In the last few decades, pharmaceuticals, credited with saving millions of lives, have emerged as a new class of environmental contaminant. These compounds can have both chronic and acute harmful effects on natural flora and fauna. The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in ground waters, surface waters (lakes, rivers, and streams), sea water, wastewater treatment plants (influents and effluents), soils, and sludges has been well doccumented. A range of methods including oxidation, photolysis, UV-degradation, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and adsorption has been used for their remediation from aqueous systems. Many methods have been commercially limited by toxic sludge generation, incomplete removal, high capital and operating costs, and the need for skilled operating and maintenance personnel. Adsorption technologies are a low-cost alternative, easily used in developing countries where there is a dearth of advanced technologies, skilled personnel, and available capital, and adsorption appears to be the most broadly feasible pharmaceutical removal method. Adsorption remediation methods are easily integrated with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Herein, we have reviewed the literature (1990–2018) illustrating the rising environmental pharmaceutical contamination concerns as well as remediation efforts emphasizing adsorption.

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Section: Analytical Techniques For the Estimation Of Pharmaceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods

et al. 2019

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“…Other applications adopted direct injection to analyze various compounds in water samples, such as halogenated compounds [24], volatile organic compounds [25], volatile organic components with various polarities [26] and high-boiling volatile organic compounds [27]. An example of direct analysis in liquid chromatography is the determination of pesticides in water samples without sample pretreatment [28]. Other analytical procedures requiring only simple sample pretreatment, such as filtration [29], dilution [30] or centrifugation [31], can be considered direct green techniques.…”

Section: Direct Analysis Without Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Aly

Górecki

2020

Molecules

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Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.

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“…4 Replacing toxic solvents with safer ones for the greening of pharmaceutical analysis is well documented in the literature. [5][6][7] Sample preparation is an inevitable step in various analytical applications aimed at removing the interfering substances, preconcentrating, and/or derivatizing the investigated analytes. Nevertheless, sample preparation can be regarded as the most harmful procedure in the analytical process because of the use of large volumes of polluting solvents during the extraction process, hence generating large volumes of waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%