Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Aly, Alshymaa A.; Górecki, Tadeusz

doi:10.3390/molecules25071719

Cited by 70 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 346 publications

(289 reference statements)

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“…SPME is considered a “greener” alternative to concurrent sample preparation techniques. In accordance with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, microextraction methods reduce organic solvents consumption, and combine sample collection, extraction and analyte enrichment above required concentration into a single step [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, the method is characterized by low energy consumption, low laboratory waste production, and device reusability, while still enabling performance comparable or superior to the traditional methods [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

2021

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Octadecyl (C18) groups are arguably the most popular ligands used for preparation of solid phase microextraction (SPME) devices. However, conventional C18-bonded silica particles are not fully compatible with the nearly 100% aqueous composition of typical biological samples (e.g., plasma, saliva, or urine). This study presents the first evaluation of thin-film SPME devices coated with special water-compatible C18-bonded particles. Device performance was assessed by extracting a mixture of 30 model compounds that exhibited various chemical structures and properties, such as hydrophobicity. Additionally, nine unique compositions of desorption solvents were tested. Thin-film SPME devices coated with C18-bonded silica particles with polar end-capping groups (10 µm) were compared with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped C18-bonded silica particles of various sizes (5, 10, and 45 µm) and characteristics. Polar end-capped particles provided the best extraction efficacy and were characterized by the strongest correlations between the efficacy of the extraction process and the hydrophobicity of the analytes. The results suggest that the original features of octadecyl ligands are best preserved in aqueous conditions by polar end-capped particles, unlike with conventional trimethylsilane end-capped particles that are currently used to prepare SPME devices. The benefits associated with this improved type of coating encourage further implementation of microextractraction as greener alternative to the traditional sample preparation methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

2021

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“…In any case, selecting proper sample preparation techniques that match the characteristics of analytes is important for food analysis. [51][52][53][54][55] LLE is one of the most conventional techniques for polar or moderately polar analytes and is commonly used in many analytical applications to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible solvents, such as water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar). 56) To minimize the organic solvent used, the LPME method for both inorganic and organic analytes in different food matrices was implemented.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Foodomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Foodomics Based on Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

2022

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Due to the globalization of food production and distribution, the food chain has become increasingly complex, making it more difficult to evaluate unexpected food changes. Therefore, establishing sensitive, robust, and cost-effective analytical platforms to efficiently extract and analyze the food-chemicals in complex food matrices is essential, however, challenging. LC/MS-based metabolomics is the key to obtain a broad overview of human metabolism and understand novel food science. Various metabolomics approaches (e.g., targeted and/or untargeted) and sample preparation techniques in food analysis have their own advantages and limitations. Selecting an analytical platform that matches the characteristics of the analytes is important for food analysis. This review highlighted the recent trends and applications of metabolomics based on "foodomics" by LC-MS and provides the perspectives and insights into the methodology and various sample preparation techniques in food analysis.

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“…The contemporary trend in sample preparation is also the minimalization of the amount of the analyzed sample. Moreover, assessment of extracts preparation techniques is related to some assumptions of green chemistry for example limiting the usage of organic solvents, decreasing the scale of analytical procedures and minimalizing the exposure to toxic reagents by analytical chemists [55][56][57]. The extraction technique should be also sufficient to significantly intensify the isolation of volatiles.…”

Section: Isolation and Concentration As A First Step To The Analysis Of Volatile Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Volatiles in Food Products

Starowicz

2021

Separations

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The evaluation of volatiles in food is an important aspect of food production. It gives knowledge about the quality of foods and their relationship to consumers’ choices. Alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, terpenes, pyrazines, and furans are the main chemical groups that are involved in aroma formation. They are products of food processing: thermal treatment, fermentation, storage, etc. Food aroma is a mixture of varied molecules. Because of this, the analysis of aroma composition can be challenging. The four main steps can be distinguished in the evaluation of the volatiles in the food matrix as follows: (1) isolation and concentration; (2) separation; (3) identification; and (4) sensory characterization. The most commonly used techniques to separate a fraction of volatiles from non-volatiles are solid-phase micro-(SPME) and stir bar sorptive extractions (SBSE). However, to study the active components of food aroma by gas chromatography with olfactometry detector (GC-O), solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) is used. The volatiles are mostly separated on GC systems (GC or comprehensive two-dimensional GCxGC) with the support of mass spectrometry (MS, MS/MS, ToF–MS) for chemical compound identification. Besides omics techniques, the promising part could be a study of aroma using electronic nose. Therefore, the main assumptions of volatolomics are here described.

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Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Cited by 70 publications

References 346 publications

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

Benefits of Innovative and Fully Water-Compatible Stationary Phases of Thin-Film Microextraction (TFME) Blades

A Review on the Foodomics Based on Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Volatiles in Food Products

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