Graphic Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Study of Industrial Heritage Assets

Martín-Béjar, Sergio; Gil, Juan Claver; Pérez, Miguel Ángel Sebastián; Sevilla, L.

doi:10.3390/app10248821

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In contrast, UAVs incorporate a high-quality image capture system that generates high-resolution photographs, allowing the user to obtain the necessary images to perform an accurate survey of a structure [22]. Such photographic records have acquired great importance in maintenance activities and are used in civil applications due to their low cost and practicality [4].…”

Section: Emerging Technologies For Façade Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

et al. 2022

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Heritage façades are relevant to the historical preservation and identity of a city. Their deterioration can cause the devaluation of the urban environment, together with accidents caused by possible detachment of their different elements; therefore, maintaining them is crucial. It is important to have early warning systems in place, systems which would indicate potential damage and deterioration of such façades, which can be caused by factors such as humidity, earthquakes, the passage of time, or even people. This is often done through visual inspection; however, visual inspection is often affected by external factors, such as the financing of the on-site inspection and the availability of experts. Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) are a practical and economical tool that has facilitated and improved imaging by regulating parameters such as camera angle, capture distance and image overlap, thus allowing improvements in photogrammetry techniques for virtual reconstruction processes. Although the implementation of this technology has been studied in recent years, research has focused primarily on horizontal structures, such as roads. In the case of vertical structures, flight parameters are traditionally defined by trial and error, without any methodological procedure. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to calibrate UAV flight parameters to build a photogrammetric 3D model of a vertical structure. This proposal is based on the development of a series of experiments configured through Taguchi orthogonal arrays, which is a method that significantly reduces the number of experiments required. This methodology is applied to a case study of a façade with architectural heritage features. The results obtained offer a flight plan and the optimal parameters to achieve efficiency in the capture of images in an inspection of heritage façades, thus achieving the optimisation of resources and time.

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Section: Emerging Technologies For Façade Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

et al. 2022

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“…Separately, photogrammetric unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights can provide accurate terrain models [22,23], 3D terrestrial laser scanner (3DTLS) surveys provide detailed and correct cave models, while ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provides information on the particularities of the rock mass under investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave

et al. 2023

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Rock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral and organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings of caves. As it is notably fragile, it is fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance. Therefore, as a valuable cultural heritage, rock art requires special conservation and protection measures. Geomatic remote-sensing technologies such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning (3DTLS), drone flight, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) allow us to generate exhaustive documentation of caves and their environment in 2D, 2.5D, and 3D. However, only its combined use with 3D geographic information systems (GIS) lets us generate new cave maps with details such as overlying layer thickness, sinkholes, fractures, joints, and detachments that also more precisely reveal interior–exterior interconnections and gaseous exchange; i.e., the state of senescence of the karst that houses the cave. Information of this kind is of great value for the research, management, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of cave art.

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“…The method has been proven to be extremely effective in remote surveys of objects of all types. Several studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], regarding the application of UASs in industrial chimney inspection and documentation, have been published. Harshit et al [ 26 ] researched the application of UASs from a more geometrical point of view and compared the results of UAS and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys of an industrial chimney.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach

Zrinjski

Tupek

Barković

et al. 2021

Sensors

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High industrial chimney inclination monitoring and analysis is crucial from a stability point of view because, if not maintained, it can pose a great potential hazard for its surroundings. Various modern approaches of chimneys’ geometrical parameters determination have been proposed and are actively in use. However, little research regarding the applicability of the unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based photogrammetric approach of chimney structural monitoring has been conducted and a comprehensive analysis with validated methods is lacking. Therefore, this research is focused on the determination of geometrical structural parameters of a masonry chimney whereby two independent methods have been applied. Reference values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined by precise total station (TS) measurements and, in relation to them, the applicability of the UAS-based photogrammetric approach is evaluated. Methodologically, the reference and validation values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined based on double modeling of the chimney structure. Firstly, cross-sectional elliptical regression has been applied to determine the geometrical values of the chimney at predefined above-ground levels (AGLs). Secondly, the spatial chimney axis has been derived by polynomial regression to determine the inclination of the full chimney structure. Lastly, the structural stability of the chimney is validated based on its axis inclination whereby permitted deviations are determined according to the European Standard EN 1996-1-1:2005. Experimental results of our research show that consistently better results are gained by TS-based surveys and, although the determination of the chimney’s geometrical values by the UAS-based approach is certainly possible, great attention must be given to the accuracy of the UAS-generated point cloud (PC) if high accuracy results are needed.

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Graphic Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the Study of Industrial Heritage Assets

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

Calibration of UAV Flight Parameters to Inspect the Deterioration of Heritage Façades Using Orthogonal Arrays

Integration of Remote-Sensing Techniques for the Preventive Conservation of Paleolithic Cave Art in the Karst of the Altamira Cave

Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach

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