No abstract

The physical progress of a construction project is monitored by an inspector responsible for verifying and backing up progress information, usually through site photography. Progress monitoring has improved, thanks to advances in image acquisition, computer vision, and the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, no comprehensive and simple methodology exists to guide practitioners and facilitate the use of these methods. This research provides recommendations for the periodic recording of the physical progress of a construction site through the manual operation of UAVs and the use of point clouds obtained under photogrammetric techniques. The programmed progress is then compared with the actual progress made in a 4D BIM environment. This methodology was applied in the construction of a reinforced concrete residential building. The results showed the methodology is effective for UAV operation in the work site and the use of the photogrammetric visual records for the monitoring of the physical progress and the communication of the work performed to the project stakeholders.

Pavement maintenance seeks to provide optimal service conditions. Before maintenance, it is necessary to know the condition of the pavement by inspection, a crucial step in deciding on the repair to be carried out. In this sense, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) seem to be an economic substitute compared to the ground laser scanner for pavement inspection tasks. This research seeks to develop a method to measure potholes using 3D models generated with photographs acquired by a UAV and process them using a software based on the Structure from Motion-MultiView Stereo (SfM–MVS) technique. The contribution of this document is the proposal of recommendations for the acquisition of photographs for the realization of the models. To develop these recommendations, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the accuracy in the reconstruction of 3D models using images obtained from the variation and combination of flight planning parameters and data capture. Then, to validate these recommendations, a bumpy section of pavement was modeled using the SfM–MVS method. The results show that for heights of 10 and 15 m the use of this methodology is applicable for the measurement of the width and depth of potholes.

The maintenance of port infrastructures presents difficulties due to their location: an aggressive environment or the variability of the waves can cause progressive deterioration. Maritime conditions make inspections difficult and, added to the lack of use of efficient tools for the management of assets, planning maintenance, important to ensure operability throughout the life cycle of port infrastructures, is generally not a priority. In view of these challenges, this research proposes a methodology for the creation of a port infrastructure asset management tool, generated based on the Design Science Research Method (DSRM), in line with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and digitization trends in the infrastructure sector. The proposal provides workflows and recommendations for the survey of port infrastructures from UAVs, the reconstruction of digital models by photogrammetry (due to scarce technical documentation), and the reconstruction of BIM models. Along with this, the bidirectional linking of traditional asset management spreadsheets with BIM models is proposed, by visual programming, allowing easy visualization of the status and maintenance requirements. This methodology was applied to a port infrastructure, where the methodology demonstrated the correct functionality of the asset management tool, which allows a constant up-dating of information regarding the structural state of the elements and the necessary maintenance activities.

Structural engineering companies (SECs) currently have a series of deficiencies that hinder their processes and interactions, decreasing their productivity, lacking collaborative and interconnected processes, not including current work methodologies such as building information modeling (BIM). e BIM methodology seeks to integrate processes and professionals involved in engineering tasks by working on platforms with coordinated and intelligent 3D virtual models. BIM has great potential for structural engineering companies (SEC) and solves their most salient problems. is paper defines a methodology to implement BIM in the SEC, focused on solving the complexities of the design phase, those that make the implementation of BIM in these offices a nontrivial task. Characterized by the optimization of resources, flexibility, and adaptability, the methodology proposed for BIM implementation within SEC clearly and objectively identifies the resources and expectations of the organizations, sets out the requirements necessary to develop the BIM methodology, and provides practical and technical recommendations for planning and monitoring the implementation.

Teaching methods for calculation and project development, focusing on theoretical principles and the reproduction of validated procedures, has been the traditional focus of engineering education. Innovation has been present in universities, mainly in the creation of processes and technologies for the development of products, services, or companies, based on entrepreneurship. Training in innovation has been limited to interested students, and not encouraged for all students, despite how relevant it is for current and future global development. According to the literature research and the opinion of the experts, this research identifies the characteristics of innovation that engineering students should acquire, in response to the challenges of engineering in the 21st century, considering as a basis the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in the context of the increasingly demanding requirements of industry 4.0. The identification of the relevant aspects in innovation were categorized according to the expertise and academic performance of the authors. In addition to this, the investigation of the representative elements of Industry 4.0, and the incorporation of Sustainable Development Goals, establish the basis of this study to guide the development of innovation skills in the process of engineering student education. Furthermore, in order to integrate innovation skills, elements of Industry 4.0 and aspects of Sustainable Development Goals, the concept of competence is introduced, with a conceptual structure that considers knowledge, attitude and performance context, thus this research provides a conceptual framework for those interested in constructing innovation skills in engineering, oriented towards the development of an innovation culture and mentality, as part of the expected professional performance.

El objetivo de investigación es identificar las habilidades de innovación que los futuros ingenieros deben adquirir en respuesta a los desafíos de la ingeniería del siglo XXI, los requisitos de la actual industria 4.0 y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). El método está organizado en dos etapas: 1) identificación de las características de la innovación y 2) construcción de habilidades de innovación para los estudiantes de ingeniería. Esta investigación esta basada en una revisión de literatura en Web of Science y Scopus desde el año 2000 hasta el presente. Se plantea un modelo que integra los ODSs en el contexto de la industria 4.0 y las habilidades de innovación en el ámbito de ingeniería. Se concluye que el modelo descrito aquí es una representación concreta que permite integrar los conceptos relacionados con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y la industria 4.0 para incorporarlos en el ámbito de la educación universitaria.

No abstract