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Rock art offers traces of our most remote past and was made with mineral and organic substances in shelters, walls, or the ceilings of caves. As it is notably fragile, it is fortunate that some instances remain intact—but a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors can lead to its disappearance. Therefore, as a valuable cultural heritage, rock art requires special conservation and protection measures. Geomatic remote-sensing technologies such as 3D terrestrial laser scanning (3DTLS), drone flight, and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) allow us to generate exhaustive documentation of caves and their environment in 2D, 2.5D, and 3D. However, only its combined use with 3D geographic information systems (GIS) lets us generate new cave maps with details such as overlying layer thickness, sinkholes, fractures, joints, and detachments that also more precisely reveal interior–exterior interconnections and gaseous exchange; i.e., the state of senescence of the karst that houses the cave. Information of this kind is of great value for the research, management, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of cave art.

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RESUMENEn este artículo se ofrece un avance del estudio multidisciplinar del depósito arqueológico del Abrigo del Carabión (S. Mamés de Aras, Cantabria). El yacimiento por su situación y registro arqueológico, constituye un enclave fundamental en el análisis de la transición en los modos de vida de los últimos cazadores recolectores a la economía productora en la región cantábrica. Contiene un depósito de ocupación humana que abarca desde el XI al VI milenio BP. La estratigrafía identificada contiene un primer nivel fértil (N.3) de cronología aziliense, separado por un hiato, de un segundo nivel de ocupación (N.1), formado por un conchero de especies marinas y caracol terrestre (Cepaea nemoralis) con una cronología en el Mesolítico y Neolítico inicial. Posteriormente el abrigo fue utilizado como depósito funerario. LABURPENAArtikulu honek Abrigo del Carabióneko (S. Mamés de Aras, Kantabria) gordailu arkeologikoan eginiko diziplina anitzeko azterlanaren aurrerapen bat eskaintzen du. Aztarnategia, duen kokalekuagatik eta erregistro arkeologikoagatik, funtsezko lekua da Kantabria inguruan azken ehiztari biltzaileek bizimodu hura aldatu eta ekoizpen-ekonomiara eginiko trantsizioa aztertzeko. Duela XI mila urtetik duela VI mila urtera arteko giza okupazioaren gordailu bat du. Identifikatutako estratigrafiak kronologia aziliarreko lehen maila emankor bat du (N.3), bigarren okupazio-mailatik (N.1) hiato baten bidez bereizia. Itsas espezieez eta lurreko barraskiloz (Cepaea nemoralis) osatutako maskortegi bat du, Mesolitoko eta hasierako Neolitoko kronologia duena. Ondoren, babeslekua, hilobi-gordailu gisa erabili zuten. ABSTRACTThe archaeological excavation in El Carabión Rockshelter (San Mamés de Aras, Cantabria) documented a deposit formed by occupations by human groups between the eleventh and sixth millennia BP. Owing to its situation and archaeological record, this is a key site to understand the way of life of the last hunter-gatherers in the transition towards the farming economy in Cantabrian Spain.The site was identified in the 1950s under the supervision of the Cantabrian Museum of Prehistory. However, it was not excavated until 2009. The results obtained in studies of the sedimentology, palynology, malacology, fauna, lithic assemblages and funerary deposit found at the site has led to an analysis of socioeconomic strategies adapted to environmental and climate changes in the Holocene, in a period covering the Azilian, Mesolithic and early Neolithic in the eastern Cantabrian region.

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