Manuel González Prada: A Son's Memories

Prada, Alfredo

doi:10.2307/40083403

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Those studies, which relied on incorporation of labelled thymidine during DNA synthesis prior to the final cell division, also suggested that Müller cells are the last retinal cell type to differentiate. However, this contradicts morphological observations, suggesting that Müller cells are present throughout the retina from a much earlier stage of development 9−12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Müller cells express the neuronal progenitor cell marker nestin in both differentiated and undifferentiated human foetal retina

Walcott

Provis

2003

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Tritiated thymidine studies suggest that Müller cells are the last cells born in the retina, although several authors describe Müller cells throughout the retina from very early ages. In this study immunohistochemistry was used to identify progenitor and Müller cells in human foetal retina. Antibodies to nestin (an intermediate filament protein expressed by neural progenitor cells), vimentin, cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) and glutamate and aspartate transporter (GLAST), which are each expressed by Müller cells, were used in combination with anti-Ki67 to identify proliferating cells. By definition, Ki67-positive proliferating cells were present in undifferentiated retina, but not in differentiated retina. Nestin-immunoreactive (IR) cells colocalized with vimentin throughout the retina. CRALBP-IR was detected in differentiated retina and in some proliferating cells. GLAST-IR cells were present only within the differentiated region. Nestin, vimentin and CRALBP each colocalized with mitotic Ki67-IR cells, suggesting that in foetal retina Müller cells and retinal progenitor cells are overlapping populations and that Müller cells are end-stage progenitor cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Müller cells express the neuronal progenitor cell marker nestin in both differentiated and undifferentiated human foetal retina

Walcott

Provis

2003

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…As the early sociological thinker from Peru, Manuel González Prada, stated in 1904, "Although Las Casas' affirmations have been branded as exaggerated, it cannot be denied that thanks to the exploiter's greedy cruelty, in some American peoples, the weak element finds itself close to extinction" (Aunque se tache de exagerables las afirmaciones de Las Casas, no puede negarse que merced a la avarienta crueldad de los explotadores, en algunos pueblos americanos el elemento débil se halla próximo a extinguirse). 105 The facts are the facts and the flourishes are the flourishes, but the flourishes do not change the facts.…”

Section: Nahua Slavery Spanish Slavery and Spanish Appropriation Of Nahua Slaverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coloniality and the Rise of Liberation Thinking during the Sixteenth Century

Ward¹

2021

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Magnus Mörner, who spent his life studying these echelons, distinguishes three types of "social stratification": caste, estate, and class. Birth regulates caste, an inflexible social order. Class bases itself entirely on "economic differences without legal restrictions on vertical social mobility." The middle ground, estate, is legally determined, yet permitting some "vertical social mobility." Mestizos most likely were associated with class norms. Over time the term "class"-Mörner suggests-becomes more appropriate, since stratification is increasingly associated with accumulated economic power. 7 Sometimes people from one band passed for people of another, such as when Indigenous people passed as mestizos. Amerindian bondage according to the letter of the law disappeared as the sixteenth century wore on, but not so with chattel slavery, which grew in force during the colonial era.Since Europeans enslaved Africans who themselves sometimes had been enslaved by other Africans, we know slavery did not originate solely in Abya Yala but was coetaneous with similar practices in the Old World forming a complicated quilt of pro-slavery practices after 1492. Slavery became integral to the Conquest itself. Matthew Restall reminds us, "Africans were ubiquitous … to the entire endeavor of Spanish invasion and colonization in the Americas." 8 During the first decades of transafrican bondage in New World history, chattel slavery complemented Indigenous forms of bondage enshrined in the encomienda and in other forms of cooperative labor, such as the mita and the coatequitl that Spaniards hijacked and repurposed as forms of forced labor. Later it surpassed Indigenous forms of subordination in both intensity and in cruelty. As Seijas and Sierra Silva argue, "slavery and the slave trade were vital to the colonial economy of Central Mexico during the entire seventeenth century." 9 It took only decades for Africans and their descendants to become the most abused raw ingredient of an expanding imperial society shared with Europeans, Amerindians, and their descendants. Some of the period's chronicles are helpful for understanding this situation and for remembering aspects conveniently forgotten.Pedro de Cieza de León's Crónica del Perú, which, besides the wealth of anthropological information on Indigenous peoples it contains, reveals a limited degree of information on transafrican slaves. According to Carlos Araníbar, Cieza was only fifteen years old when he crossed the Atlantic in search of adventure and he lived such an intensive life that he died at the age of thirty-four, in 1554. 10 In that interval he wrote the five parts of his Crónica del Perú, consulted by many subsequent historiographical authorities including Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. The representation of transafrican people is an extraordinary, although limited, aspect of his chronicle. While there certainly were black people in the invasion, chroniclers tend to glorify Spanish feats and downplay African (and Indigenous) activities. Restall comments on this situation: ...

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“…Así, González Prada llega a declarar que «mientras la metafísica, la teología, la historia, la jurisprudencia son mentiras graves, rastreras y enojosas, la poesía es una mentira alegre, alada, luminosa. Mentira por mentira, me declaro por la más bella» 13 .…”

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“…Hay que tomar en cuenta que en realidad González Prada parte del supuesto platónico de que «lo bello puede llamarse una cristalización de lo verdadero» 14 , y que por ello, al evaluar las dos «mentiras», si bien opta por la belleza de la poesía en base a una evaluación estética, también hay que tomar en cuenta que de esta concepción resulta que la poesía es más bella, porque está más próxima a la verdad o, lo que en contenido es lo mismo, es menos mentirosa que aquellas. Y en esto último difiere totalmente de Nietzsche, pues para González Prada «la poesía no tiene por objeto conducirnos a la ciencia; pero no debe alejarnos de la verdad» 15 . Es más, aclara, la literatura que desdeña basarse en las deducciones de la ciencia positiva puede constituir una restauración arqueológica, digna de archivarse en las galerías de un museo, pero no es un edificio viviente que arranque el aplauso de los contemporáneos Tolerancia: Filosofía iberoamericana y aspectos diversos de la tolerancia | Toleration: Ibero-American Philosophy and Varied Aspects of Tolerance y despierte la admiración de la posteridad [...] La ciencia tiene flores inmortales de donde pueden las abejas extraer miel de poesía 16 .…”

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Concepciones de González Prada sobre la condición humana y la tolerancia

Echegoyen¹

2012

Tolerancia = Toleration = Tolerância v 5, Filosofía Iberoamericana Y Aspectos Diversos De La Tolerancia = Ibero-American Philos

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González Prada (1844-1918) fue uno de los más influyentes pensadores peruanos de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX y a pesar de haber nacido en el seno de una acomodada y poderosa familia conservadora y católica, sus reflexiones sobre la condición humana se mantuvieron siempre dentro del marco del pensamiento científico. Por ello fue un escéptico, aunque con declarada simpatía por el positivismo. En su pensamiento político, de una primera etapa nacionalista que se derrumba cuando presencia la cobardía y oportunismo de los grupos de poder enquistados en el Perú frente a la propia población peruana, durante la guerra con Chile (1879-1883), pasa a una etapa anarquista de reflexión más profunda.

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Manuel González Prada: A Son's Memories

Cited by 7 publications

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Müller cells express the neuronal progenitor cell marker nestin in both differentiated and undifferentiated human foetal retina

Müller cells express the neuronal progenitor cell marker nestin in both differentiated and undifferentiated human foetal retina

Coloniality and the Rise of Liberation Thinking during the Sixteenth Century

Concepciones de González Prada sobre la condición humana y la tolerancia

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