Graphene-supported manipulation of surface plasmon polaritons in metallic nanowaveguides

Abstract

We investigate the electrically controlled light propagation in the metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic waveguide with a sandwiched graphene monolayer. The theoretical and simulation results show that the propagation loss exhibits an obvious peak when the permittivity of graphene approaches an epsilon-near-zero point when adjusting the gate voltage on graphene. The analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be generated by introducing side-coupled stubs into the waveguide. Based on the EIT-like effect, the hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a length of only 1.5 μm can work as a modulator with an extinction ratio of ∼15.8 dB, which is 2.3 times larger than the case without the stubs. The active modulation of surface plasmon polariton propagation can be further improved by tuning the carrier mobility of graphene. The graphene-supported plasmonic waveguide system could find applications for the nanoscale manipulation of light and chip-integrated modulation.

Flexibly tunable high-quality-factor induced transparency in plasmonic systems

“…Finally, we investigate the active control of the EIT-like response, which is crucial for the realization of active photonic devices. Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) crystal of carbon atoms, attracts broad attentions because of its excellent properties containing the ultra-wide operating wavelength range and ultra-high carrier mobility 44 – 47 . Especially, the surface conductivity of graphene relies on the Fermi level E f , which can be dynamically tuned via chemical doping or gate voltage 46 – 49 .…”

Silicon Photonic Platform for Passive Waveguide Devices: Materials, Fabrication, and Applications

“…[22][23][24] Among these materials, graphene, a single atom thick carbon sheet with atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure, was first studied for integrated optoelectronic devices due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. [25][26][27][28][29] A mono-graphene layer has a constant absorption of 2.3% over a wide wavelength range, from infrared to visible. Graphene also has a high carrier mobility (200 000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature), which is about two orders of magnitude higher than that of silicon.…”

Far‐Field Superresolution Imaging via Spatial Frequency Modulation

“…[212,213] Once excited, SPPs and LPs can be confined to a deep subwavelength scale, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the local field and allowing the manipulation of light far below the diffraction limit. [214] They are attractive for wide-ranging applications, including subwavelength imaging, [215][216][217] sensing, [218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228] subwavelength waveguides, [229][230][231][232][233] plasmonic lithography, [234][235][236] photovoltaics, [237][238][239][240] optical tweezer, [241][242][243][244][245][246] and optical analog computing. [247][248][249][250] SPPs were employed in superlens experiments for the SFS based superresolution microscopy as early as 2007.…”