Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation

Abstract

. (2016). Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 513 74-84.Graphene/PVDF flat-sheet membrane for the treatment of RO brine from coal seam gas produced water by air gap membrane distillation Keywords brine, ro, distillation, treatment, gap, membrane, sheet, flat, pvdf, graphene, air, water, produced, gas, seam AbstractBrine management of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water is a significant concern for the sustainable production of CSG in Australia. Membrane distillation (MD) has shown the potential to further reduce the volume of CSG reverse osmosis (RO) brine. However, despite its potential, the lack 2 of appropriate MD membranes limits its industrial use. Therefore, this study was aimed on the

Mixed Matrix PVDF/Graphene and Composite‐Skin PVDF/Graphene Oxide Membranes Applied in Membrane Distillation

“…Recent studies provide information as regards the capacity to detect via XRD exfoliation of graphene within a PVDF matrix . It is noteworthy that in several cases the Bragg reflections were detectable for graphene loads that were much lower than the ones used in this work . Therefore, the absence of Bragg reflection from the graphene interlayer space for the G/PVDF membranes, means that G flakes remain fully exfoliated in the prepared mixed‐matrix membranes (See also Raman analysis of the graphene and functionalized graphene in Supporting Information Fig.…”

“…Regarding the structure of GO and G embedded in the membranes, it can be seen that the respective diffractograms are free of features corresponding to the interlayer space of G (~26°) and GO (~12°) flakes. Recent studies provide information as regards the capacity to detect via XRD exfoliation of graphene within a PVDF matrix . It is noteworthy that in several cases the Bragg reflections were detectable for graphene loads that were much lower than the ones used in this work .…”

“…Despite these benefits, the necessity for preserving or even enhancing the hydrophobicity of PVDF membranes for DCMD and recent advances in the production of high quality nonoxidized state graphene flakes via solvent exfoliation methods , motivates the researchers toward the use of pristine graphene flakes as pore structure and hydrophobicity modifiers of PVDF membranes for DCMD. However, the only up to date work dealing with the application of nonoxidized graphene as PVDF filler for MD makes use of short stacks of graphene sheets (Graphene Nanoplatelets with thickness of 2 nm). Therefore, the high capacity of single layered graphene flakes has not yet been explored.…”

“…Moreover we followed a novel procedure to prepare near‐surface modified GO/PVDF membranes by using aqueous GO dispersions as the coagulant solvent instead of applying the conventional process of dispersing GO in the polymer solution. As in recent studies, both GO (at very low concentrations per polymer mass) and graphene stacks are used as pore and hydrophobicity enhancers of PVDF membranes , our target was to compare these two types of membranes as regards their DCMD performance and scaling behavior at different G and GO loadings. The performance of the G/PVDF mixed matrix and GO/PVDF composite‐skin membranes was evaluated in terms of water permeate flux, salt rejection, and performance stability.…”

Multifunctions of Polymer Nanocomposites: Environmental Remediation, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, And Sensing Applications

“…[55] Nanoparticles such as semiconductive materials (i. e. TiO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 ), zero-valence metal (i. e. Fe, Cu, Zn), bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Ni, Fe/Pd) play a key role in environmental remediation given their high interfacial reactivity with contaminants such as nitroaromatics, dyes, halogenated aliphatics, heavy metals. Poly(methyl methacrylate), [57] poly(vinylidene fluoride), [58] polysulfone, [59] polyvinyl pyrrolidone, [60] polyamine, [61] polyacrylamide [62] and polyethylenimine, [63] etc. To facilitate the separation and reuse as well as to prevent the release of these nanoparticles into the ecosystem which might impose risk to the health of human beings, a mostly used strategy is to impregnate or coat the nanoparticles onto a host.…”